WGA-HRP as a transneuronal marker in the visual pathways of monkey and rat

Itaya, Stephen K.; Hoesen, Gary W. Van

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90046-4

Cited by 195 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In the two neonatal animals, WGA-HRP was injected into the vitreous cavity of one eye and was transported anterogradely, transynaptically over a survival time of 48 hours to label ODCs (Itaya and Van Hoesen, 1982;Florence and Kaas, 1992). In the three normal adult animals and in naturally strabismic monkey 8236, one eye was deafferented by using a laser (Hoyt and Luis, 1962).…”

Section: Overview Of Anatomic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The goal of the current study was to quantify systematically these nasotemporal inequalities. ODCs were labeled by using intraocular injection of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) into one eye (Itaya and Van Hoesen, 1982;Florence and Kaas, 1992) and/or CO histochemistry (Horton and Hubel, 1981). The width of adjacent nasal vs. temporal ODCs and the areas occupied by nasal vs. temporal ODCs were quantified at different retinotopic eccentricities.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Nasotemporal asymmetries in V1: Ocular dominance columns of infant, adult, and strabismic macaque monkeys

Tychsen

Burkhalter

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To quantify asymmetries of input from the two eyes into each cerebral hemisphere, we measured ocular dominance column (ODC) widths and areas in the striate visual cortex (area V1) of macaque monkeys. Ocular dominance stripes in layer 4C were labeled by using transneuronal transport of intraocularly injected wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP) or cytochrome oxidase (CO) histochemistry, after deafferentation of one eye or even by leaving afferent input intact. In infant monkey aged 4 and 8 weeks, ocular dominance stripes labeled by WGA-HRP appeared adultlike with smooth, sharply defined borders. In normal infant and normal adult macaque, ocular dominance stripes driven by the nasal retina (i.e., contralateral eye) were consistently wider than stripes driven by the temporal retina (i.e., ipsilateral eye). Asymmetries in the percentage of area V1 driven by nasal vs. temporal ODCs showed a similar "nasal bias": in infant macaque, approximately 58% of ODCs in V1 were driven by nasal retina, and in adult macaque approximately 57%. The asymmetries tended to be slightly smaller in opercular V1 and greater in calcarine V1. "Spontaneous" ocular dominance stripes were revealed by CO staining of V1 in a naturally strabismic monkey and in a monkey made strabismic by early postnatal alternating monocular occlusion. In these animals, ocular dominance stripes and CO blobs corresponding to the nasal retina stained more intensely for CO in both the right and left V1. ODC spacing and the nasotemporal asymmetry in ODC width and area were similar in strabismic and normal monkeys. Our results in normal monkeys extend the observations of previous investigators and verify that nasotemporal inputs to opercular and calcarine V1 are unequal, with a consistent bias favoring inputs from the nasal retina. The CO results in strabismic macaque suggest that the nasal ODC bias promotes interocular suppression when activity in neighboring ODCs is decorrelated by abnormal binocular experience in infancy.

show abstract

Section: Overview Of Anatomic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nasotemporal asymmetries in V1: Ocular dominance columns of infant, adult, and strabismic macaque monkeys

Tychsen

Burkhalter

1997

J. Comp. Neurol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Anterograde and retrograde transport of HRP and WGA-HRP have been used extensively in tract tracing for defining connections within the nervous system (Nassel, 1981;Itaya and Van Hoesen, 1982;Freund et al, 1985;Sawchenko and Gerfen, 1985). Anterograde transport of HRP requires high amounts of marker enzyme because its uptake takes place through a fluid-phase mode dependent on the concentration gradient alone (Trojanowski et al, 1982;Sawchenko and Gerfen, 1985).…”

Section: Comparison Of Labeling Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Morphological diversity and glutamate immunoreactivity of retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the cat

Chen

Pourcho

1995

J of Comparative Neurology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although the cat visual system has been the subject of intensive investigation, little attention has been given to the morphological features of ganglion cell projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The present study has utilized anterograde transport of horseradish peroxidase and wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase to label ganglion cell terminals in the cat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Visualization of the reaction product was facilitated through the use of gold-substituted silver intensification. Ganglion cell terminals were found to be morphologically diverse, making both asymmetric and symmetric contacts with postsynaptic processes. Synaptic vesicles were either scattered or densely packed, sometimes forming paracrystalline arrays. In contrast to other retinorecipient areas in which ganglion cell terminals have been characterized by the presence of lightly staining mitochondria, many of the retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were seen to contain darkly stained mitochondria. Postembedding antiglutamate immunocytochemistry was used to evaluate the level of endogenous glutamate in these ganglion cell terminals. Although morphologically diverse, all of the retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus were glutamate positive, consistent with the postulated role of glutamate as the neurotransmitter of retinal ganglion cells.

show abstract

“…WGA-HRP is a transneuronal tracer that is taken up by retinal ganglion cells, transported along the axons of the optic nerve, and transferred across the synapse to neurons in the superior [28][29][30] Mice were anesthetized with 4% to 5% isoflurane (flow rate of 0.5-1 L/minute) and maintained on 2% to 3% isoflurane during the procedure. An intravitreal dose of 2 to 3 lL WGA-HRP (40 mg/mL) (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) was injected into the right eye over~30 seconds using a 25 lL Hamilton syringe (Hamilton Co., Reno, NV).…”

Section: Intraocular Eye Injectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Neurobehavioral Analysis of the Prevention of Visual Impairment in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma

Wong¹,

Brown²

2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PURPOSE. Timoptic-XE treatment was used to examine the relationship between age-related changes in intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal cell loss, visual ability, and neuronal labeling in the superior colliculus in the DBA/2J mouse model of pigmentary glaucoma.METHODS. Mice were administered Timoptic-XE (0.0%, 0.25%, or 0.50%) daily from 9 weeks to 12 months of age. Visual ability and IOP were evaluated at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of age. Mice from each group were then given intraocular injections of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP), and estimates of the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer of the retina, WGA-HRP transneural labeling of cells, cell count, and cross-sectional area of Nissl-stained cells in the superior colliculus were obtained. RESULTS.Mice treated with 0.50% and 0.25% Timoptic-XE maintained a high level of performance in behavioral vision tasks, while 12-month-old untreated mice (0.0% Timoptic-XE) exhibited impaired visual performance. Timoptic-XE therapy reduced IOP and cell loss in the ganglion cell layer of the retina and prevented somal shrinkage and the decrease in WGA-HRP transneural labeling in the superior colliculus that occurred in untreated mice at 12 months of age.CONCLUSIONS. This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy of Timoptic-XE in DBA/2J mice by correlating age-related visual system changes in the retina and brain with changes in IOP and visual ability. These results showed that reducing IOP not only rescued retinal ganglion cell atrophy but also restored visual function and altered patterns of neurodegeneration that occur with blindness. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:5956-5966) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-10020 G laucoma is the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts.1 Clinically, glaucoma is characterized by ''cupping'' of the optic nerve head and visual deterioration due to the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells and axons. 2,3 Pigmentary glaucoma is caused by the liberation of melanin pigment through the mechanical disruption of the posterior iris by the lens zonules. When pigment accumulates within the anterior segment structures and the trabecular meshwork, it blocks aqueous outflow, resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) and subsequent damage to the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell death. 4,5 High IOP (>21 mm Hg) is the strongest and most consistent risk factor for glaucoma; and although not all patients exhibit ocular hypertension, the probability of retinal ganglion cell loss and optic nerve damage increases exponentially with higher IOP, thus all current glaucoma treatments involve the reduction of IOP.2,6 Timolol maleate, a nonselective b 1 and b 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, applied topically to the eye, decreases IOP by reducing aqueous humor production by blocking of breceptors on the ciliary epithelium. Timolol maleate (Timoptic) has been viewed as the gold standard therapy for glaucoma 7 and is used as the clinical benchmark in ocular hypotensive medication-registr...

show abstract

WGA-HRP as a transneuronal marker in the visual pathways of monkey and rat

Cited by 195 publications

References 18 publications

Nasotemporal asymmetries in V1: Ocular dominance columns of infant, adult, and strabismic macaque monkeys

Nasotemporal asymmetries in V1: Ocular dominance columns of infant, adult, and strabismic macaque monkeys

Morphological diversity and glutamate immunoreactivity of retinal terminals in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the cat

A Neurobehavioral Analysis of the Prevention of Visual Impairment in the DBA/2J Mouse Model of Glaucoma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About