What a Blast!: A Massive MIMO Radar System for Monitoring the Surface in Steel Industry Blast Furnaces

Zankl, Dominik; Schuster, Stefan; Feger, Reinhard; Stelzer, Andreas

doi:10.1109/mmm.2017.2711998

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…There are basically only two regions where information can be obtained from inside the BF—the burden fill level at the top of the BF and the visual information of the raceway areas through the tuyere inspection windows. Information about the burden height can be derived from pointwise measurements via mechanical stockrod probes or microwave sensors, [ 12 ] 3D radar systems, [ 13,14 ] or, more recently, also the 3D reconstruction of the burden from optical sensors. [ 15,16 ] If the burden measurement system has a sufficient time resolution also the downward movement of the burden can be tracked.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Puttinger

Stocker

2020

steel research int.

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Operational data of two small size blast furnaces (BFs) with respect to the occurrence of raceway blockages are analyzed. These blockages mainly occur due to erratic movements in the burden. In a previous project, the authors have investigated the various types of raceway blockages and tested different approaches to implement a reliable way to detect such blockages at a very early stage. Early detection of severe blockage events is important to avoid tuyere damages and trigger operational reactions like, e.g., the shutdown of pulverized coal injection (PCI) branches. The most promising algorithm of the previous project has been implemented in the process control system of the BFs and enhanced with the additional calculation of a strength factor serving as an indicator for the severity of a blockage event. The system is now collecting data on raceway blockages since the beginning of 2019. As there is now a good data basis available, herein, the latest findings on blockage event statistics and the correlation with other operational data of the BF are presented.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a Better Understanding of Blast Furnace Raceway Blockages

Puttinger

Stocker

2020

steel research int.

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“…To exploit both the coherent gains of phased array radars and spatial diversity of MIMO radars, the concept of hybrid phased-MIMO radars was proposed, which coincides with the idea of hybrid digitalanalog beamforming in the communication field [30]. More recently, people also extended MIMO radars into the mMIMO to pursue better sensing performance [31].…”

Section: A Key Mimo Advancements In Communication and Sensing Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Communication and Sensing: Models and Potential of Using MIMO

Fang¹,

Feng²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The sixth-generation (6G) network is envisioned to integrate communication and sensing functions, so as to improve the spectrum efficiency (SE) and support explosive novel applications. Although the similarities of wireless communication and radio sensing lay the foundation for their combinations, their different requirements for electromagnetic signals make the joint system design a hard task. To simultaneously guarantee sensing accuracy and communication capacity, the multipleinput and multiple-output (MIMO) technique plays an important role, due to its unique capability of spatial beamforming and waveform shaping. However, the configuration of MIMO also brings high hardware cost, high power consumption, and high signal processing complexity. How to efficiently apply MIMO in the joint communication and sensing (JCAS) system is still open. In this survey, we discuss JCAS in the context of MIMO configurations. We first outline the roles of MIMO in the progress of communication and radar sensing. Then, we review current advances in both communication and sensing coexistence and integration in detail. Three novel JCAS MIMO models are subsequently discussed by introducing the promising 6G enablers, i.e., the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS). With the aim of building a compatible dual-function system, the benefits and challenges of MIMO in JCAS are summarized in each subsection. Promising solutions are also discussed from the system perspective with simple, intelligent and robust principles. In the end, open issues are outlined to envisage a comprehensive JCAS network in the near future.

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“…These steps are repeated until all the detectable tones are estimated. Note that this simple sequential procedure can be considered as a specific instance of: a) the serial interference cancellation (SIC) concept [6], since, when a new tone is detected and its parameters estimated, all the other tones are considered as a form of interference; b) the so called CLEAN method [7], developed for high-resolution radio interferometry and later used in microwave imaging [8] and radar systems [9], [10]. Moreover, its technical relevance is motivated by the following relevant advantages [11]:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact coordinates can be found in the column labelled by T 7 in TableII 9. The evaluation of this RMSE is based on a formula similar to eq.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%