What affects water quality in the Upper Colorado River basin?

Apodaca, Lori E.; Stephens, Verlin C.; Driver, Nancy E.

doi:10.3133/fs10996

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1996

DOI: 10.3133/fs10996

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What affects water quality in the Upper Colorado River basin?

Lori E. Apodaca¹,

Verlin C. Stephens²,

Nancy E. Driver³

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Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

Pifer

Fairey

2014

Environmental Engineering Science

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Broadly applicable disinfection by-product (DBP) precursor surrogate parameters could be leveraged at drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) to curb formation of regulated DBPs, such as trihalomethanes (THMs). In this study, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV 254 ), fluorescence excitation/emission wavelength pairs (I Ex/Em ), and the maximum fluorescence intensities (F MAX ) of components from parallel factor (PARAFAC) analysis were evaluated as total THM formation potential (TTHMFP) precursor surrogate parameters. A diverse set of source waters from eleven DWTPs located within watersheds underlain by six different soil orders were coagulated with alum at pH 6, 7, and 8, resulting in 44 sample waters. DOC, UV 254 , I Ex/Em , and F MAX values were measured to characterize dissolved organic matter in raw and treated waters and THMs were quantified following formation potential tests with free chlorine. For the 44 sample waters, the linear TTHMFP correlation with UV 254 was stronger (r 2 = 0.89) than I 240/562 (r 2 = 0.81, the strongest surrogate parameter from excitation/emission matrix pair picking), F MAX from a humic/fulvic acidlike PARAFAC component (r 2 = 0.78), and DOC (r 2 = 0.75). Results indicate that UV 254 was the most accurate TTHMFP precursor surrogate parameter assessed for a diverse group of raw and alum-coagulated waters.

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Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

Pifer

Fairey

2014

Environmental Engineering Science

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NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RWER BASIN¹

Spahr

Wynn

1997

J American Water Resour Assoc

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As part of a basinwide water-quality study, nitrogen and phosphorus data for the Upper Colorado River Basin from the Colorado-Utah State line to the Continental Divide were analyzed for spatial distributions, concentrations associated with various land uses, and temporal trends. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations generally increased in a downstream direction. Some nutrient concentrations were elevated at some sites in the upper parts of the basin in areas influenced by increasing urbanization. Sites were grouped according to land use and site type, and median nutrient concentrations were compared among groups. Sites within the agricultural areas of the basin generally had the highest concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus; concentrations for mainstem, tributary, and urbanization sites were slightly lower than for the agricultural sites. Background sites, or sites with minimal land-use impacts, had very low median nutrient concentrations. Several sites with long-term data were analyzed for temporal trends in concentrations. Several statistically significant downward trends of low and moderate magnitude were observed for nitrogen and phosphorus species. No upward trends were observed in the data at any site.(KEY TERMS: water quality; nutrients; nitrogen; phosphorus; Colorado River.)

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What affects water quality in the Upper Colorado River basin?

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RWER BASIN¹

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What affects water quality in the Upper Colorado River basin?

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

Suitability of Organic Matter Surrogates to Predict Trihalomethane Formation in Drinking Water Sources

NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RWER BASIN1

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NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN SURFACE WATERS OF THE UPPER COLORADO RWER BASIN¹