“…Laddering is a valuable method especially for the exploratory stages of research projects (van Rekom and Wierenga, 2007). The technique has been used widely, originally for brand or product positioning issues (Gutman, 1982;Olson and Reynolds, 1983), and recently in research areas such as sales management (Deeter-Schmelz et al, 2008), services marketing 2009ab), higher education services (Voss et al, 2007), business-tobusiness marketing (Henneberg et al, 2009), health services (Gruber and Frugone, 2011), and ethical clothing consumption (Jaegel et al, 2012).…”