What Are the Dry Eye Questionnaires Available in the Scientific Literature Used for? A Scoping Review

Sánchez-Brau, Mar; Seguí-Crespo, Mar; Cantó-Sancho, Natalia; Tauste, Ana; Ramada, José María

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.019

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…We applied a cutoff score of ≥4, which has been suggested as screening positive for DED. 15 , 17 We used 2 additional cutoff scores: 1) ≥10, which roughly corresponds to the mean SPEED value of the entire sample plus 2 standard deviations and 2) a severity score, when at least 1 dry eye symptom was rated as bothersome (score of 3) or intolerable (score of 4). A final question on the SPEED inquires about the use of eye drops for lubrication.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent review identified 49 patient-reported dry eye questionnaires, of which 22 were validated. 15 The Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) is the most commonly used questionnaire in clinical studies and comprises 12 items (Allergan Irvine, CA). 11 The Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire seems to be gaining popularity (Tear-Science, Morrisville, NC).…”

Section: Questionnaires Assessing Dry Eye Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Correlates of Dry Eye in a German Population Sample

Münch,

Nöhre,

Westenberger

et al. 2023

Cornea

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Purpose: In this cross-sectional survey, we assessed the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in a representative German population sample. In addition, we examined the associations between DED, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and level of fatigue. Finally, we further validated the German version of the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire and present norm data of the German population. Methods: A random sample of German residents aged 16 years and older was recruited between October and December 2021. All participants completed the SPEED, Short Form 36, and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory 20 questionnaires. Results: Of the 2495 participants who completed the survey, 450 (21.6%; 95% confidence intervals 20.0–23.1) reported a SPEED total score of ≥4, indicating a positive screening for DED. DED was significantly more common in women and older age. Participants who screened positive for DED reported significantly higher levels of fatigue and lower values in all domains of HRQoL. A receiver operating characteristic curve of the SPEED was generated using an ophthalmologist's diagnosis. The area under the curve was estimated to be 0.886 (95% confidence intervals 0.858–0.913). A cutoff score ≥4 seemed to be appropriate as an indicator of DED. Cronbach's α was excellent (0.95). Conclusions: DED is common in the German population. We confirmed associations with sex, age, HRQoL, and fatigue level, indicating a high burden of DED. The German version of the SPEED is a valid instrument for the assessment of DED symptoms.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Questionnaires Assessing Dry Eye Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Correlates of Dry Eye in a German Population Sample

Münch,

Nöhre,

Westenberger

et al. 2023

Cornea

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“…Various questionnaires have been designed to screen patients preoperatively, such as the Standard Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness (SPEED) questionnaire [27][28][29][30]. However, more studies are required to determine optimal predictive cutoff values to identify surgically amenable candidates versus poor candidates requiring optimization of ocular surface disease prior to corneal refractive surgery [31].…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-refractive Surgery Dry Eye: A Systematic Review Exploring Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Novel Management Strategies

Dossari

2024

Cureus

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Dry eye disease frequently manifests following corneal refractive procedures, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. This review systematically synthesizes current evidence on the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, and therapeutic interventions for post-refractive surgery dry eye. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review of literature published until August 2023 was conducted, focusing on post-refractive surgery dry eye. Eighteen relevant studies were identified through screening and eligibility assessment. A qualitative synthesis of outcomes was performed using narrative and thematic analysis methods. Surgically induced neurotrophic deficiency, stemming from nerve transection, triggers a cascade of events including apoptosis, inflammation, and lacrimal dysfunction, ultimately leading to tear film instability. Risk factors such as female gender, thyroid eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction, higher ablation depths, and the use of LASIK over surface ablation exacerbate the condition. While conventional treatments like artificial tears provide temporary relief, emerging interventions such as nerve growth factors, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, serum eye drops, and specialized contact lenses show promise in promoting nerve regeneration and epithelial healing. Strategies such as customized ablation profiles, smaller optical zones, and nervesparing techniques like small incision lenticule extraction demonstrate potential advantages. A multifaceted therapeutic approach targeting neuroprotection, anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and tear film stabilization is imperative for effectively managing post-refractive surgery dry eye. Future research should focus on evaluating prognostic biomarkers, exploring precision medicine approaches, and investigating neuroprotective adjuvants to further enhance treatment outcomes.

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