What are the factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection screening behaviour among heterosexual men patronising entertainment establishments who engaged in casual or paid sex? – Results from a cross-sectional survey in an Asian urban setting

Lim, Raymond Boon Tar; Tham, Dede Kam Tyng; Cheung, Olive; Tai, Bee Choo; Chan, Roy; Wong, Mee Lian

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2088-8

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…MSW preferred testing in private health facilities whereas FSW preferred public health facilities. Among MSW, HIV non-testing was associated with higher education, poor self-efficacy, and poor testing norms and perceptions.Our finding that only 50% of MSW reported testing for HIV in the last 12 months is similar to prior studies from Asia(30)(31)(32). A study of heterosexual MSW in Singapore found that only 27% had tested for HIV or STIs in the past 6 months(30).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

HIV and Syphilis Testing Behaviors among Heterosexual Male Sex Workers in Uganda

Muhindo

Mujugira²,

Castelnuovo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background : Few studies have described STI and HIV testing practices among heterosexual male sex workers (MSW) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our study aimed to assess recent HIV and syphilis screening practices among MSW in Uganda. Methods : Between August and December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 100 MSW and 240 female sex workers (FSW). Participants were enrolled through snowball sampling, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire used to collect data on HIV and syphilis in the prior 12 months. Integrated change model constructs were uses to assessed intentions, attitudes, social influences, norms and self-efficacy of 3-monthly Syphilis and 6-monthly HIV testing. Predictors of HIV and syphilis recent testing behaviors were estimated using negative binomial regression. Results : We enrolled 340 sex workers of whom 100 (29%) were MSW. The median age was 27 years (interquartile range [IQR] 25–30) for MSW and 26 years [IQR], (23–29) for FSW. The median duration of sex work was 36 and 30 months for MSW and FSW, respectively. MSW were significantly less likely than FSW to have tested for HIV in the prior 12 months (50% vs 86%; p = 0.001). For MSW, non-HIV testing was associated with higher education (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 1.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.50), poor intention to seek HIV testing (aPR 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35-2.04), perception that 6-monthly HIV testing was not normative (aPR 1.33; 95% CI: 1.09-1.67) and low self-efficacy (aPR 1.41; 95% CI: 1.12-1.79). Non-syphilis testing was associated with low intention to seek testing (aPR 3.13; 95% CI: 2.13-4.55), low self-efficacy (aPR 2.56; 95% CI: 1.35-4.76), negative testing attitudes (aPR 2.33; 95% CI: 1.64-3.33), and perception that regular testing was not normative (aPR 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14-2.22). Conclusions : Non-testing for HIV and syphilis was common among heterosexual MSW relative to FSW. Future studies should evaluate strategies to increase testing uptake for this neglected sub-population of sex workers.

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supporting

confidence: 89%

HIV and Syphilis Testing Behaviors among Heterosexual Male Sex Workers in Uganda

Muhindo

Mujugira²,

Castelnuovo³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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show abstract

“…We found that 50% of HMSW reported not testing for HIV in the past 12 months. Non-testing for HIV was common in prior studies from Asia and Africa [ 34 – 36 ]. A study of HMSW in Singapore found that only 27% had tested for HIV or STIs in the past 6 months [ 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-testing for HIV was common in prior studies from Asia and Africa [ 34 – 36 ]. A study of HMSW in Singapore found that only 27% had tested for HIV or STIs in the past 6 months [ 34 ]. In China, only 48.6% of MSW who have sex with men had tested for HIV [ 35 , 36 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and syphilis testing behaviors among heterosexual male and female sex workers in Uganda

et al. 2020

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Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa where HIV disproportionately affects women, heterosexual male sex workers (HMSW) and their female clients are at risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and other STIs. However, few studies have described HIV and STI risk among HMSW. We aimed to assess and compare recent HIV and syphilis screening practices among HMSW and female sex workers (FSW) in Uganda. Methods: Between August and December 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 100 HMSW and 240 female sex workers (FSW). Participants were enrolled through snowball sampling, and an interviewer-administered questionnaire used to collect data on HIV and syphilis testing in the prior 12 and 6 months respectively. Integrated change model constructs were used to assess intentions, attitudes, social influences, norms and self-efficacy of 3-monthly Syphilis and 6-monthly HIV testing. Predictors of HIV and syphilis recent testing behaviors were estimated using negative binomial regression. Results: We enrolled 340 sex workers of whom 100 (29%) were HMSW. The median age was 27 years [interquartile range (IQR) 25-30] for HMSW and 26 years [IQR], (23-29) for FSW. The median duration of sex work was 36 and 30 months for HMSW and FSW, respectively. HMSW were significantly less likely than FSW to have tested for HIV in the prior 12 months (50% vs. 86%; p = 0.001). For MSW, non-testing for HIV was associated with higher education [adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) 1.66; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.50], poor intention to seek HIV testing (aPR 1.64; 95% CI 1.35-2.04), perception that 6-monthly HIV testing was not normative (aPR 1.33; 95% CI 1.09-1.67) and low self-efficacy (aPR 1.41; 95% CI 1.12-1.79). Not testing for syphilis was associated with low intention to seek testing (aPR 3.13; 95% CI 2.13-4.55), low self-efficacy (aPR 2.56; 95% CI 1.35-4.76), negative testing attitudes (aPR 2.33; 95% CI 1.64-3.33), and perception that regular testing was not normative (aPR 1.59; 95% CI 1.14-2.22). Conclusions: Non-testing for HIV and syphilis was common among HMSW relative to FSW. Future studies should evaluate strategies to increase testing uptake for this neglected sub-population of sex workers.

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“…As shown in Figure , a substantial proportion still present with late stage infections. Underlying reasons include reluctance to test due to stigma and discrimination, lack of awareness of testing benefits, low risk perception of HIV exposure and fear of undesirable socio‐economic consequences . Late presentation was previously also associated with sociodemographic factors such as older age, singlehood and working in non‐professional occupations .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a HIV registry to develop accurate estimates for the HIV care cascade – the Singapore experience

Huang

Wong

et al. 2019

J Intern AIDS Soc

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Introduction Achieving UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets is a crucial step towards ending the AIDS epidemic. Many countries have published estimates of care cascades, although often with methodological limitations. We describe an approach that used the national HIV registry as a starting‐point to determine the HIV care cascade and resulting UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 estimates for Singapore in 2014. Methods HIV is a legally notifiable disease in Singapore. The anonymized HIV registry data provided for a back‐calculation model from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control to obtain 2014 estimates for the total number of persons living with HIV (PLHIV), and the count in the registry for proportions diagnosed with HIV and linked to care. Using additional data collected for a simple random sample from the registry, outcomes in 2015 and 2016 were ascertained retrospectively to derive proportions for those retained in care, on antiretroviral therapy, and achieved viral suppression. Findings were extrapolated to derive national estimates and UN90‐90‐90 estimates. Bootstrapped samples from the model and sample were used to derive 95% confidence intervals. Results An estimated 6900 (95% CI 6650, 7050) persons were living with HIV and AIDS in 2014. Of these, 4948 were diagnosed with HIV, and 4820 had been linked to care. The random sample of 500 persons was further analysed, and of these, 87.2% were retained in care, 84.6% on antiretroviral therapy, and 79.6% had suppressed viral loads. The proportions of HIV‐infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy and achieving viral suppression were 60.7% (95% CI 58.4, 63.6) and 57.1% (95% CI 55.0, 60.5) respectively. The corresponding UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 estimates were 71.7% (95% CI 70.0, 74.2) of all persons diagnosed; 84.6% (95% CI 81.6, 87.4) of diagnosed persons being on antiretroviral therapy, and 94.1% (95% CI 91.6, 96.2) of persons on therapy having achieved viral suppression. Conclusions A national HIV registry, alongside back‐calculation and additional data from a sample, can be used to estimate attainment of UNAIDS 90‐90‐90 targets and identify system gaps. The registry had advantages of providing a well‐established, comprehensive capture of diagnosed persons and easily accessible data. The same approach can be used elsewhere if similar data are available.

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What are the factors associated with human immunodeficiency virus/sexually transmitted infection screening behaviour among heterosexual men patronising entertainment establishments who engaged in casual or paid sex? – Results from a cross-sectional survey in an Asian urban setting

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

HIV and Syphilis Testing Behaviors among Heterosexual Male Sex Workers in Uganda

HIV and Syphilis Testing Behaviors among Heterosexual Male Sex Workers in Uganda

HIV and syphilis testing behaviors among heterosexual male and female sex workers in Uganda

Using a HIV registry to develop accurate estimates for the HIV care cascade – the Singapore experience

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