What are you? A CRT perspective on the experiences of mixed race persons in ‘post-racial’ America

Anderson, Celia Rousseau

doi:10.1080/13613324.2014.911160

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unlike mismatches examined in prior research, mismatch in the racial elevator speech was not imposed by others’ misinterpretations or limited survey options (Roth 2010; Song and Aspinall 2012; Veenstra 2011), but intentionally created by participants. Further consideration of participants’ goals for their racial elevator speeches reveals mismatch can be a strategy that minimizes discomfort and limits harm from racial identity inquiries, which often function as microaggressions (Anderson 2015; Johnston and Nadal 2010; Tran et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…“Racial identity inquiries” are one example of a multiracial microaggression, defined as “queries directed toward multiracial individuals as others attempt to determine their racial background” (Tran et al 2016:26). In their taxonomy of multiracial microaggressions, Marc P. Johnston and Kevin L. Nadal (2010) categorize such questions under “exoticization and objectification.” Several studies establish these questions as a common experience for multiracial individuals (Anderson 2015; Herman 2004; Paragg 2017; Sims 2016; Sims and Njaka 2019), but fewer studies have addressed how individuals respond to these queries, and how their responses may reflect or resist racialized social systems.…”

Section: The Impact Of Microaggressions On Identity Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

Heilman

2022

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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Scholars have increasingly acknowledged that race is composed of multiple dimensions and that these dimensions do not always match. For example, an individual’s sense of personal identity can differ from the race they mark on surveys and/or how others interpret their racial identity based on appearance. The potential for racial mismatch is even greater for multiracial individuals, who are commonly asked racial identity inquiries by others wanting to know their racial background. In this article, I focus on multiracial individuals’ responses to racial identity inquiries to examine how these instances of expressed race may “mismatch” their internal race. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 multiracial young adults, I find that despite the wide range of identity options that multiracial Americans are presumed to have, participants typically responded to inquiries about race with consistent scripts that did not necessarily align with their personal identities. I refer to these scripts as “racial elevator speeches,” and discuss how they are primarily constructed not to express personal identity but to meet the expectations of others and mitigate the microaggressive nature of these questions. However, by constructing racial elevator speeches designed to be legible to others, individuals’ scripts inadvertently reify U.S. racial structures.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Impact Of Microaggressions On Identity Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

Heilman

2022

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity

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“…In their taxonomy of multiracial microaggressions, Johnston and Nadal (2010) categorize such questions under "exoticization and objectification." Several studies establish these questions as a common experience for multiracial individuals (Anderson 2015;Herman 2004;Paragg 2017;Sims 2016;Sims and Njaka 2019), but fewer studies have addressed how individuals respond to these queries, and how their responses may reflect or resist racialized social systems.…”

Section: The Impact Of Microaggressions On Identity Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

Heilman¹

2022

Preprint

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Scholars have increasingly acknowledged that race is composed of multiple dimensions and that these dimensions do not always match. For example, an individual’s sense of personal identity can differ from the race they mark on surveys and/or how others interpret their racial identity based on appearance. The potential for racial mismatch is even greater for multiracial individuals, who are commonly asked racial identity inquiries by others wanting to know their racial background. In this article, I focus on multiracial individuals’ responses to racial identity inquiries to examine how these instances of expressed race may “mismatch” their internal race. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 30 multiracial young adults, I find that despite the wide range of identity options that multiracial Americans are presumed to have, participants typically responded to inquiries about race with consistent scripts that did not necessarily align with their personal identities. I refer to these scripts as “racial elevator speeches,” and discuss how they are primarily constructed not to express personal identity, but to meet the expectations of others and mitigate the microaggressive nature of these questions. However, by constructing racial elevator speeches designed to be legible to others, individuals’ scripts inadvertently reify U.S. racial structures.

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“…We take a racial realist perspective (Anderson, 2015) for making sense of these stories about police, toy guns, and the murder and criminalization of Black men and boys. Recent research documents that Black men reported that they were unfairly stopped by the police at a rate of 18% versus 3% of White men (Pew Research Center, 2016).…”

Section: Analysis Of Bb Gunsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toy Guns: A Critical Race and Antiblack Analysis

Howard¹

2019

Proceedings of the 2019 AERA Annual Meeting

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What are you? A CRT perspective on the experiences of mixed race persons in ‘post-racial’ America

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

The Racial Elevator Speech: How Multiracial Individuals Respond to Racial Identity Inquiries

Toy Guns: A Critical Race and Antiblack Analysis

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