“…In response to the need for research on classroom discourse on race and racism, in general (Brown et al, 2017), and in social studies instruction, in particular (e.g., Oto & Chikkatur, 2019), such studies have grown in number over the past decade. These studies look at under-researched phenomena related to structural oppression while amplifying the voices, perspectives, and experiences of students of color (e.g., Duncan, 2020; Oto & Chikkatur, 2019; Pang et al, 2021; Parkhouse, 2015) or teachers of color (e.g., Duncan, 2020) in social studies instruction in the United States.…”