What Can Be Learned by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021?

Jeger, Michael; Fielder, Hannah; Beale, Tim; Szyniszewska, Anna; Parnell, Stephen; Cunniffe, Nik J.

doi:10.1094/phyto-02-23-0069-ia

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 131 publications

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“…Emerging pathogens, which cause disease in new locations or on new plant host species, can be particularly damaging (Ristaino et al, 2021). However, emerging epidemics are well documented (Rosace et al, 2023;Jeger et al, 2023;Fielder et al, 2024), and invasion rates are increasing (Bebber et al, 2014). Drivers include changes to farming practices and land use , climate change (Singh et al, 2023), and increased travel and trade (Brasier, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing epidemiological preparedness for a plant disease invasion: modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union

Ellis,

Lázaro,

Duarte

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Huánglóngbíng (HLB; citrus greening) is the most damaging disease of citrus worldwide. While citrus production in the USA and Brazil have been affected for decades, HLB has not been detected in the European Union (EU). However, psyllid vectors have already invaded and spread in Portugal and Spain, and in 2023 the psyllid species known to vector HLB in the Americas was first reported within the EU. We develop a landscape-scale, epidemiological model, accounting for heterogeneous citrus cultivation and vector dispersal, as well as climate and disease management. We use our model to predict HLB dynamics following introduction into high-density citrus areas in Spain, assessing detection and control strategies. Even with significant visual surveillance, we predict any epidemic will be widespread on first detection, with eradication unlikely. Introducing increased inspection and roguing following first detection, particularly if coupled with intensive insecticide use, could potentially sustain citrus production for some time. However, this may require chemical application rates that are not permissible in the EU. Disease management strategies targeting asymptomatic infection will likely lead to more successful outcomes. Our work highlights modelling as a key component of developing epidemiological preparedness for a pathogen invasion that is, at least somewhat, predictable in advance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing epidemiological preparedness for a plant disease invasion: modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union

Ellis,

Lázaro,

Duarte

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Citrus huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is considered the most devastating bacterial disease of citrus worldwide ( Bové, 2006 ; McCollum and Baldwin, 2016 ; Jeger et al., 2023 ). The disease affects citrus trees, causing an overall decline which eventually leads to their death ( Hendrichs et al., 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-based regionalization approach for area-wide management of HLB vectors in the Mediterranean Basin

Galvañ,

Bassanezi,

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Huanglongbing (HLB) is one of the most devastating citrus diseases worldwide. It is associated with the non-culture bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which can be transmitted by grafting and/or the psyllid vectors Diaphorina citri (ACP) and Trioza erytreae (AfCP). Although HLB has not been reported in the Mediterranean Basin to date, both vectors are present, and thus represent a serious threat to the citrus industry in this region. Resistant citrus cultivars or effective therapeutic treatments are not currently available for HLB. Nevertheless, area-wide pest management via coordinated management efforts over large areas has been implemented in Brazil, China and the USA for HLB control. This study proposes an open access flexible methodology to address area-wide management of both HLB vectors in the Mediterranean Basin. Based on a risk-based approach which considers climatic information and other variables that may influence vector introduction and spread, such as conventional, organic, abandoned and residential citrus areas as well as transportation corridors, an area-wide management division in pest management areas (PMAs) is proposed. The size and location of these PMAs were estimated by means of a hierarchical clustering algorithm with spatial constraints whose performance was assessed under different configuration scenarios. This proposal may assist policymakers and the citrus industry of the citrus-growing areas of the Mediterranean Basin in risk management planning in the case of the spread of HLB vectors or a possible introduction of the disease. Additionally, it may be a valuable resource to inform opinion dynamic models, enabling the identification of pivotal factors for the success of control measures.

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“…Xcc infects plants through wounds or natural openings such as stomata [2]. Originally from Asia, Xcc has spread to most citrus-producing countries including the United States and Brazil [3,4]. Xcc comprises multiple pathotypes, including A, A*, and A w .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenomic analysis of 343 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strains unravels introduction history and dispersal paths

Xu,

Zhang,

et al. 2023

PLoS Pathog

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Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc) causes the devastating citrus canker disease. Xcc is known to have been introduced into Florida, USA in at least three different events in 1915, 1986 and 1995 with the first two claimed to be eradicated. It was questioned whether the Xcc introduction in 1986 has been successfully eradicated. Furthermore, it is unknown how Xcc has spread throughout the citrus groves in Florida. In this study, we investigated the population structure of Xcc to address these questions. We sequenced the whole genome of 343 Xcc strains collected from Florida groves between 1997 and 2016. Our analysis revealed two distinct clusters of Xcc. Our data strongly indicate that the claimed eradication of the 1986 Xcc introduction was not successful and Xcc strains from 1986 introduction were present in samples from at least 8 counties collected after 1994. Importantly, our data revealed that the Cluster 2 strains, which are present in all 20 citrus-producing counties sampled in Florida, originated from the Xcc introduction event in the Miami area in 1995. Our data suggest that Polk County is the epicenter of the dispersal of Cluster 2 Xcc strains, which is consistent with the fact that three major hurricanes passed through Polk County in 2004. As copper-based products have been extensively used to control citrus canker, we also investigated whether Xcc strains have developed resistance to copper. Notably, none of the 343 strains contained known copper resistance genes. Twenty randomly selected Xcc strains displayed sensitivity to copper. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the introduction, eradication, spread, and copper resistance of Xcc in Florida.

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What Can Be Learned by a Synoptic Review of Plant Disease Epidemics and Outbreaks Published in 2021?

Cited by 10 publications

References 131 publications

Developing epidemiological preparedness for a plant disease invasion: modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union

Developing epidemiological preparedness for a plant disease invasion: modelling citrus huánglóngbìng in the European Union

Risk-based regionalization approach for area-wide management of HLB vectors in the Mediterranean Basin

Phylogenomic analysis of 343 Xanthomonas citri pv. citri strains unravels introduction history and dispersal paths

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