What Can Boost Female Labor Force Participation in Asia?

What are the drivers of female labour market participation in North Africa?

“…A 1% increase in FR will lead to a 61% increase in FLP in the long-run. This means that as females give birth, their To achieve this, working in different industries helps one to earn an income which will enable one to meet some of the financial goals of the children (Kinoshita & Guo 2015). Thus, more children require funds for their welfare, and participation in the labour market is one way to earn a living.…”

The effect of the universal two-child policy on female labour market outcomes in China

“…They infer that relaxing the one-child policy does not significantly affect the urban female labour supply. Kinoshita and Guo (2015) point out that since childcare is generally provided by grandparents in rural areas, reduction in fertility does not increase parental labour supply. Due to the extended family structure, the researchers suggest a small or even non-existent relationship between fertility and the female labour supply in China, which may otherwise exist in developed countries.…”

“…Throughout the world, the general social culture, regardless of Western or Eastern, agrees that women’s responsibility for taking care of the family is a greater priority than their career development (Fursman, 2002). In East Asian countries, such as China, Japan, and South Korea, mothers ‘opt out’ of the labour market because of gender discrimination, limited childcare options, gender-specific role expectations for women, and male-centered employment systems (Kinoshita and Guo, 2015; Rudolf and Kang, 2015). He and Zhu (2015) exploit twin births as a natural experiment and find a negative, but minimal, causal impact of a second child on the female labour force participation in urban China.…”

Women at Work: An International Perspective on the Interconnected Forces of Human Development, Female Education, and Labour Force Participation

“…It is believed that those educated female workforce would establish their own small and medium scale businesses (Phan and Coxhead 2014). Women's participation in the workforce is positively impacted by greater access to education, re ected in higher territory school enrolment (Kinoshita and Guo 2015). However, differences still exist in areas with lower development indices and access to education, which affects women's participation in the labour force (Afridi et al 2016).…”