“…Research on the cognitive sub-processes involved in the expert problem solving of the gifted, as compared to the problem solving of the average person, has attributed the difference between these two populations to selectivity in their encoding, comparison and combination sub-processes. Gorodetsky and Klavirb (2003) extend this list by adding two sub-processes that are imported from the literature on experts and novices: namely, retrieval and goal directness. Based on these five sub-processes, middle high school students (gifted and average) solved insight problems, without and with analogical learning, and were asked to report on the solution process they undertook.…”