What controls the variability of wood-decay rates?

Liu, Weijie; Schaefer, Douglas; Qiao, Liang; Liu, Xianbin

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2013.09.013

Cited by 47 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Increased moisture content at high decay class can enhance the macrofauna or microbial activity within optimal moisture levels and may contribute to faster decomposition of litter [9], despite increases in chemically recalcitrant structure of tissues, such as lignins and polyphenols over time [25]. The CWD decomposition processes are affected by their position associated with moisture content and microbial factors, such as fungal species composition, biomass, and activity [27,53]. Therefore, further studies on decomposition rate should examine the effect of different types/positions of CWD, such as stumps and snags.…”

Section: Decomposition Of Fine Litterfall and Cwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Decomposition from Coarse Woody Debris in a Naturally Regenerated Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Forest

Noh

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2017

Forests

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Abstract:The contribution of coarse woody debris (CWD) to forest carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics is poorly quantified. This study quantified total C and N content in CWD and estimated the decomposition rates of CWD at different decay stages in a 70-year-old naturally regenerated Korean red pine forest (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.). The N concentration in CWD varied among species and decay classes (from 0.15% to 0.82%), and exhibited a decreasing pattern in C:N ratios with increasing decay class. Total CWD amounts of 4.84 Mg C ha −1 , dominated by pine logs (45.4%) and decay class III (40.0%), contained total N of 20.48 kg N ha −1 , which was approximately nine times the N input from annual tree mortality. In addition, this study demonstrated that the decay constant rate k was 0.2497 for needle litter, whereas k values were 0.0438, 0.0693, 0.1054, and 0.1947 for red pine CWD of decay class I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The decay rates were significantly related to wood density, N concentration, and C:N ratio across the decay classes of CWD. The results suggest that the C:N ratio of CWD is a key factor affecting its decomposition.

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Section: Decomposition Of Fine Litterfall and Cwdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Decomposition from Coarse Woody Debris in a Naturally Regenerated Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Forest

Noh

Yoon

Kim

et al. 2017

Forests

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“…Environmental factors that could explain the high variation in mass loss among individual boles include wood temperature and moisture, initial density, and fungal community characteristics (Liu et al 2013 three outliers), so variation in initial density can explain only a small fraction of the variation in decay rates. Several studies have found that initial decay rates in CWD are related to the nature and degree of fungal colonization in the biomass at the onset of decomposition (Parfitt et al 2010;Lindner et al 2011).…”

Section: Decomposition Of Wood and Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several studies have found that initial decay rates in CWD are related to the nature and degree of fungal colonization in the biomass at the onset of decomposition (Parfitt et al 2010;Lindner et al 2011). As decomposition progresses in boles lying in close proximity, fungal community structure is likely to become more homogeneous (Liu et al 2013). Though we have no data with which to examine this hypothesis, it would potentially explain the very high variation in mass loss, especially at 6Y and 10Y.…”

Section: Decomposition Of Wood and Barkmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ decomposition of northern hardwood tree boles: decay rates and nutrient dynamics in wood and bark

et al. 2014

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The decomposition of coarse woody debris contributes to forest nutrient sustainability and carbon balances, yet few field studies have been undertaken to investigate these relationships in northern hardwood forests. We used a paired-sample approach to study the decomposition of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Erhr.), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) boles at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire. Mass loss over 16 yr followed a first-order exponential decay pattern with half-lives ranging from 4.9 to 9.4 yr in bark, and 7.3 to 10.9 yr in wood. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations increased significantly during decomposition, resulting in sharp decreases in C:N and C:P ratios. We did not, however, observe significant net increases in the amount of N or P stored in decomposing boles, as reported in some other studies. Calcium concentration decreased by up to 50% in bark, but more than doubled in wood of all species. The retention of Ca in decomposing wood helps maintain Ca pools in this base-poor ecosystem. Together, the exponential model for mass loss and a combined power-exponential model for changes in nutrient concentrations were able to simulate nutrient dynamics in decomposing boles after clearcutting in an adjacent watershed.

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“…Given the importance of dead wood in nutrient cycling of forests, the storage and nutrient turnover are determined by substrate quality, decay stage, size, environmental factors such as moisture and temperature, and disturbance history (Harmon et al 1986, Liu et al 2013. Nutrient concentrations likely vary with decay stages as a result of decomposer activity, thus the amount of nutrients stored in dead wood may be altered during the decomposition process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon and nitrogen stocks in dead wood of tropical lowland forests as dependent on wood decay stages and land-use intensity

et al. 2016

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Meriem S., Tjitrosoedirjo S., Kotowska M.M., Hertel D., Triadiati T., 2016. Carbon and nitrogen stocks in dead wood of tropical lowland forests as dependent on wood decay stages and land-use intensity. Ann. For. Res. 59(2): 299-310.Abstract. Rapid transformation of natural forests into other land-use systems in the lowlands of Sumatra, Indonesia, strongly reduces total aboveground biomass and affects nutrient cycling. However, the consequences of this conversion for C and N stocks of dead wood remains poorly understood particularly in natural forests and jungle rubber. This study examined the differences in dead wood abundance, mass, and C, N and lignin concentrations of three decay stages of dead wood as well as the stocks of these chemical components stored in dead wood. Standing and fallen dead wood was determined as coarse woody debris with diameter ≥ 10 cm and classified into three decay stages of wood. Mass of dead wood was estimated using allometric equation. Total C and N stocks in dead wood in the natural forests (4.5 t C ha -1 , 0.05 t N ha -1 , respectively) were three times higher than those in the jungle rubber (1.5 t C ha -1 , 0.02 t N ha -1 , respectively). The stocks of C and N at early and advanced wood decay stages in the natural forests were also higher than those in the jungle rubber. The decay stages showed pronounced differences in concentrations of chemical components. With advancing stage of wood decay, N concentration increased and C/N ratio decreased, while concentrations of C and lignin were variable. The distribution of dead wood mass and stocks of C, and lignin were found to be higher in the early decay than those in the advanced decay stage. Higher input of dead wood in natural forests indicated a higher importance of dead wood decay in natural forests than in jungle rubber systems. Thus, replacing natural forests with jungle rubber strongly reduces total C and N stocks which might have a marked negative effect on the ecosystems' nutrient turnover and cycle.

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What controls the variability of wood-decay rates?

Cited by 47 publications

References 69 publications

Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Decomposition from Coarse Woody Debris in a Naturally Regenerated Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Forest

Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation and Decomposition from Coarse Woody Debris in a Naturally Regenerated Korean Red Pine (Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) Forest

In situ decomposition of northern hardwood tree boles: decay rates and nutrient dynamics in wood and bark

Carbon and nitrogen stocks in dead wood of tropical lowland forests as dependent on wood decay stages and land-use intensity

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