“…Given that there could be a co-integration among the variables in equation 1, this study uses a dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) estimation technique to achieve its goals. This method is, thus, preferred to the other estimation techniques in that it includes the contemporaneous values, leads, and lag values of the independent variables in its first difference form to solve the issues of endogeneity and serial correlation (Kumar, Nayak, & Pradhan, 2020;Pradhan et al, 2022). Endogeneity may occur due to a reversed causality between FDI and economic complexity (Khan et al, 2020;Sadeghi, Shahrestani, Kiani, & Torabi, 2020).…”