What determines earmarked funding to international development organizations? Evidence from the new multi-bi aid data

Eichenauer, Vera Z.; Reinsberg, Bernhard

doi:10.1007/s11558-017-9267-2

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Why have states and multilateral organizations shifted funding to this new financial modality and what effects has this modality had on development organizations and development outcomes? Eichenauer and Reinsberg (2017) show that, despite the claims of the governments that provide these trust funds, the cross-national allocation of these funds looks much more like bilateral aid than multilateral aid allocated by the same organizations. Further, states may use earmarked funds for a variety of self-interested purposes for which multilateral aid financed through core funding is not as useful.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The articles by Eichenauer and Reinsberg (2017) and Reinsberg (2017) analyze earmarked aid in general and Bpass-on funds,^which are a specific manifestation of earmarked aid, respectively. Both papers build upon an impressive new dataset that documents the four-fold increase over the past 20 years of a hybrid type of development finance.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research (Lyne et al 2006;Hicks et al 2008;Bayram and Graham 2016) describes an increase in noncore funding to multilateral development organizations, but until the creation of this new database, many important research questions on the causes and the consequences of delegation to multilateral development organizations were not testable with systematic evidence. Eichenauer and Reinsberg (2017) show that this type of earmarked funding has increased steadily over time and that it now constitutes about 20% of all official development finance. Hence, the clear conceptual distinction between bilateral and multilateral aid described above has become empirically less clear over time.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BMulti-bi^development assistance is another increasingly important type of IO development finance that has surged in recent years (Eichenauer and Reinsberg 2017). For these mostly grant-funded projects, individual governments, or small groups of member governments, provide Bearmarked^financing to MDBs in the form of trust funds that are designed to address specific issues.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In this regard, the Eichenauer and Reinsberg (2017), McLean (2017), and Reinsberg (2017) contributions to this special issue represent important attempts to provide more complete and accurate data coverage of IO development finance flows and thus improve our collective understanding of the politics and the effects of such flows. However, IO scholars cannot afford to rest on their laurels; substantially more effort will be needed in the future to ensure that the most important questions about the causes and consequences of IO development finance are empirically tractable.…”

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confidence: 99%

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International organizations and development finance: Introduction to the special issue

2017

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Every year, states and international organizations (IOs) provide somewhere between $120 and $170 billion in official development finance (ODF) to recipient countries. IOs are typically responsible for about one-third of global ODF, with sovereign governments providing the remainder.1 The fact that IO development finance comes from many countries acting jointly distinguishes it from bilateral development finance. IOs typically aggregate the preferences and resources of multiple member states in the pursuit of a collective policy among their own ranks and toward other countries.This means that development finance from international organizations represents a distinct institutional form of aid-giving and lending that stands apart from bilateral financing. The multilateral nature of IO development finance -requiring member governments to negotiate and agree upon shared policies -may alter the underlying politics and motivations driving multilateral aid as compared to bilateral aid. But is assistance from international organizations actually different in its causes and consequences? Does divergence in institutional form lead to differences in content and function? Are the underlying motivations of IOs truly distinct from their bilateral counterparts? Does IO development finance have different effects on recipients?2 And how are new governance arrangements For existing empirical studies that compare the effectiveness of bilateral and multilateral development finance, see Ram (2003, 2004), Headey (2008, Reddy (2007, 2010), Alvi and Aberra (2012), and Kizhakethalackal et al. (2013). Gulrajani (2016) provides a useful review of the literature on the distinctive features of multilateral development finance and how it has changed over the past decade.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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International organizations and development finance: Introduction to the special issue

2017

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Links between deforestation, conservation areas and conservation funding in major deforestation regions of South America

Qin,

Buchadas,

Meyfroidt

et al. 2024

People and Nature

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Land‐use change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, affecting tropical forests and savannas at an unprecedented rate. To protect these ecosystems and their biodiversity, national conservation areas and international conservation funding have increased considerably in these regions. Understanding of how conservation funding allocation relates to dynamics in deforestation and conservation areas is crucial to identifying what mobilizes and distributes conservation funding. By applying fixed‐effect models on 30 years of dynamics in forest cover, conservation areas and conservation funding in the main deforestation regions of South America, we analysed the conservation funding allocation strategies in relation to deforestation (proactive vs. reactive), conservation areas (expanding or consolidating) and previous investment (agglomerating or not). We also assessed whether allocation strategies vary across regions and the stages of deforestation and conservation. We found that funding allocation followed conservation areas and higher prior funding levels over space and over time, across all regions and deforestation stages. This highlights the important role of recognized conservation areas (including protected areas and Indigenous territories) in mobilizing financial support for conservation. The allocation strategies relating to forest dynamics, however, varied depending on the scale of analysis, whether we look at the temporal or spatial dimension, and in which regions we assessed the allocation patterns. Capturing region‐level biases and within‐region dynamics is crucial for more effective and equitable conservation. As public and private actors commit to mobilizing more conservation funding and conserving more areas of the Earth, our insights on the relations between forest change and conservation efforts can help improve the allocation of conservation areas and conservation funding. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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International Donors and Social Policy Diffusion in the Global South

Dodlova

2020

Global Dynamics of Social Policy

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What determines earmarked funding to international development organizations? Evidence from the new multi-bi aid data

Cited by 68 publications

References 36 publications

International organizations and development finance: Introduction to the special issue

International organizations and development finance: Introduction to the special issue

Links between deforestation, conservation areas and conservation funding in major deforestation regions of South America

International Donors and Social Policy Diffusion in the Global South

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