Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels, which include the thermosensitive TRPV1-V4, have large cytoplasmic regions flanking the transmembrane domain, including an N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain. We show that a multiligand binding site for ATP and calmodulin previously identified in the TRPV1 ankyrin repeat domain is conserved in TRPV3 and TRPV4, but not TRPV2. Accordingly, TRPV2 is insensitive to intracellular ATP, while, as previously observed with TRPV1, a sensitizing effect of ATP on TRPV4 required an intact binding site. In contrast, ATP reduced TRPV3 sensitivity and potentiation by repeated agonist stimulations. Thus, ATP and calmodulin, acting through this conserved binding site, are key players in generating the different sensitivity and adaptation profiles of TRPV1, TRPV3, and TRPV4. Our results suggest that competing interactions of ATP and calmodulin influence channel sensitivity to fluctuations in calcium concentration and perhaps even metabolic state. Different feedback mechanisms likely arose because of the different physiological stimuli or temperature thresholds of these channels.Transient receptor potential channels, including the six vanilloid (TRPV) 3 channels in warm-blooded vertebrates, have many physiological functions in neuronal and non-neuronal cells (1). TRPV5 and TRPV6 are calcium channels in the gut and kidney important for Ca 2ϩ homeostasis (2), whereas TRPV1-V4 are nonselective cation channels that contribute to temperature sensation (3). TRPV1 and TRPV2 activate at noxious temperatures above 42 and 52°C, respectively, whereas TRPV3 and TRPV4 activate at warm temperatures ϳ33-39 and 25-34°C, respectively.Thermosensitive TRPVs are polymodal channels activated by physical stimuli (e.g. temperature) and chemical agonists. For instance, capsaicin and low extracellular pH activate TRPV1 (4); thymol, carvacrol and eugenol activate TRPV3 (5); and extracellular hypotonicity, phorbol esters, and arachidonic acid metabolites activate TRPV4 (6 -9). 2-Aminoethyl diphenylborinate (2-APB) is promiscuous and activates TRPV1, TRPV2, and TRPV3 (10).Remaining questions include whether TRPV channels have maintained common regulatory mechanisms. Thermosensitive TRPV channels are modulated intracellularly by Ca 2ϩ , calmodulin (CaM), and phosphoinositides (11-13). TRPV1 desensitization depends on intracellular Ca 2ϩ and CaM (14, 15). Similarly, TRPV4 is first potentiated and then inactivated by intracellular Ca 2ϩ , again likely through CaM (16). Like TRPV1, TRPV4 desensitizes after repeated or prolonged stimulations (17). In contrast, TRPV3 currents increase with repeated stimulation (18 -20), and while TRPV3 sensitivity also depends on Ca 2ϩ and CaM, the effects differ from TRPV1 and TRPV4 (21). The nature of these differences in homologous temperaturesensitive TRPVs has yet to be determined.TRPVs have a channel domain homologous to Shaker K ϩ channels and cytosolic N-and C-terminal domains, including a conserved N-terminal ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) (22). TRPV1-, TRPV2-, and TRPV6...