What Do Pupils Learn from Voting Advice Applications in Civic Education Classes? Effects of a Digital Intervention Using Voting Advice Applications on Students’ Political Dispositions

Abstract

To what extent does the use of Voting Advice Applications in (digital) civic education classes at school impact students’ political knowledge, attitudes, motivations and behavioral dispositions toward elections? This article provides answers to this question by presenting a sample analysis of the responses of 1189 pupils who participated in a digital civic education intervention, with the German Voting Advice Application Wahl-O-Mat at its core, whose usage was embedded in an elaborated didactical concept in civic education classes. Using a quasi-experimental field design with pre- and post-tests, the study shows that the intervention substantially improves students’ knowledge of the investigated state election. Furthermore, we can trace a significant increase in young people’s political efficacy and specific interest in the election campaign. Finally, we observe a substantial increase in intended electoral participation, especially among those adolescents whose intention to participate in elections was low prior to the intervention, which contributes to a reduction in existing participation gaps. In particular, we identify changes in motivational and cognitive political dispositions, but only to a limited extent evaluative and sociodemographic background variables, as key factors driving the intervention-induced change in willingness to participate in the state election. Our paper concludes by discussing the limitations of the study and its implications for empirical research and practice in civic education.

Artificial intelligence and voting advice applications

“…Until very recently the evaluation of whether VAAs help citizens acquire political information beyond the "political match" output was viewed as a byproduct of VAA usage rather than the main goal. For instance, Schultze (2014) found that using Wahl-O-Mat in Germany enhanced political knowledge of party positions on political issues, whereas in another intervention where Wahl-O-Mat was embedded in civic education classes Waldvogel et al (2023) found a significant increase in young people's political efficacy and specific interest in the election campaign. Furthermore, Brenneis and Mauve (2021) explored the use of statements that presented specific arguments alongside the typical policy positions in a VAA.…”