What do we know about hallux valgus pathogenesis?

Abstract

Objective: This work performs a critical review of the different causes described to explain the etiopathogenesis of hallux valgus. Methods: The authors divide the causal factors into two groups: extrinsic and intrinsic factors. In the first group, footwear and mechanical overload caused by different causes such as ballet, trauma, long walks, obesity, etc., should be considered. In the second group we include a series of factors: constitutional ones, such as heredity, sex and age; anatomical aspects, among which we must highlight the morphology and obliquity of the metatarsocuneiform joint; hypermobility of the first ray; metatarsus primus varus; muscle function; and atavism. Results: Hallux valgus probably has a multifactorial etiology whose triggering factor is unknown at the moment. Conclusion: If we know the etiopathogenesis of a deformity, in this case hallux valgus, we can perform a treatment as early and effective as possible. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.

The importance of soft tissue surgical interventions on the distal part of the foot in the treatment of hallux valgus

“…Hallux valgus uključuje složene patološko-anatomske promjene koštanih i mekotkivnih struktura prednjeg dijela stopala, koje rezultiraju dvostrukim ugaonim deformitetom prvog niza stopala u kojem dominira valgus pomjeranje palca sa povećanjem hallux valgus ugla (HVU > 15°), nestabilan metatarzofalangealni (MTPH) zglob palca, varizacija prve metatarzalne (MT) kosti sa povećanjem intermetatarzalnog ugla (IMU > 9°) i nestabilnost prvog metatarzokuneiformnog zgloba (slika 1) (1)(2)(3)(4).…”

Analysis of Automatically Extracted Hallux Valgus Angles Using Markerless 3D Foot Scans From North America, Europe and Asia

“…Hallux valgus has a multifactorial etiopathogenesis and is a progressive deformity. Is inadequate footwear one of the initial causes, or is it more of a factor that causes the progression of the deformity, which is still under debate [6,5]. Footwear design should consider flexibility and support.…”

“…Hallux valgus angle is related to plantar pressure during walking and running [1]. Hallux valgus angle larger than 15 is an indicator of hallux valgus (HV), the most common forefoot deformity, which will cause foot pain, and can alter foot function [5]. Hallux valgus has a multifactorial etiopathogenesis and is a progressive deformity.…”