What Do White Counselors and Psychotherapists Need to Know About Race? White Racial Socialization in Counseling and Psychotherapy Training Programs

Bartoli, Eleonora; Garcı́a, Ana Maria; Michael, Ali; Ervin, Audrey

doi:10.1080/02703149.2015.1059206

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Regarding mindfulness, consistent with Bruin, Meppelink, and Bögels’s (2015) study, we found statistically significant changes in overall mindfulness, mindful nonjudgment, and mindful nonreactivity. The two subscales represent important mindfulness skills for counselors to cultivate, given that the ACA Code of Ethics (ACA, 2014) instructs counselors to increase their awareness of bias within themselves, respect diverse views, and refrain from imposing their beliefs on others.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Vittrup (2016) found 70% of White mothers were likely to use color‐blind (don’t see) and color‐mute (don’t discuss) strategies when talking to their children about race. Thus, when analyzing structural racism, Bartoli et al (2015) acknowledged that many White counselors have been raised to avoid noticing and talking about race due to fear of being perceived as racist.…”

Section: Color‐blind Racial Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

Lenes

Swank

Hart

et al. 2020

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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The Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness (CCMM) training focuses on addressing intercultural relationship ruptures, individual inequity, and systemic disparities. In this randomized control study, the authors examined the CCMM training effectiveness with 39 prelicensed counselors and counseling students using repeated measures analyses of covariance. Participants reported statistically significant changes in multicultural competence; mindfulness; and color‐blind racial attitudes related to privilege, institutional discrimination, and blatant racism. Implications for counselor training practices and future research are provided.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Color‐blind Racial Attitudesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

Lenes

Swank

Hart

et al. 2020

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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“…Therefore, the intentional and continued broaching of race and culture within counseling seems to be a desirable skill set for counselors‐in‐training. However, most descriptions of broaching are related primarily to White counselor development (Bartoli, Bentley‐Edwards, Garcia, Michael, & Ervin, ), particularly in the sense of transitioning students from a color‐blind attitude to one of racial awareness. Day‐Vines et al () described broaching practices for all counselors, including counselors of color, and also identified a six‐stage model for White counselor broaching behavior.…”

Section: Broaching Definedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the academic setting, students of color navigate course work that stresses the work of White theorists and is based on Western frameworks of health, pathology, and views of the change process (Haskins et al, ). Multicultural course work also often seems to be focused on the White student learner, with an emphasis on privilege, movement away from color‐blind attitudes, and discussion of culturally different groups (Bartoli et al, ). The absence of faculty of color and diverse clinical perspectives can also result in feelings of isolation, as students of color wonder how what they are learning applies to them (Haskins et al, ; Maton et al, ).…”

Section: Counselor Of Color Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to particularly focus on broaching with clients who are White because of historical as well as present‐day tensions of privilege, power, and discrimination between these groups. In addition, lower levels of White racial identity and awareness can affect client receptivity to broaching racial dynamics or implications in a session (Bartoli et al, ; Burkard et al, ), which could further complicate a counselor's decision on when and how to broach.…”

Section: Counselor Of Color Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Counselor of Color Broaching Experiences

Bayne

Branco

2018

Jour of Counseling & Develop

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Broaching, or the acknowledgment of racial and cultural factors, is a strategy for counselors working with diverse client populations. In this phenomenological study, the authors explored the lived experiences of 8 professional counselors of color regarding their broaching behaviors. The authors present 4 resulting themes (intentionality, considering impacts on client experiences, influence of counselor's discomfort on broaching, and broaching skills and practices) and discuss implications for counselor practice and training.

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Refugees and asylum seekers who have experienced trauma: Thematic synthesis of therapeutic boundary considerations

Davoren,

McEleney,

Corcoran

et al. 2023

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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ObjectiveTherapeutic boundaries are limits to appropriate behaviours within a therapist–client relationship (e.g. related to accepting gifts, self‐disclosures, therapist neutrality and advocacy). Therapeutic boundary considerations are fundamental in the care of refugees and asylum seekers. Research on the experiences of therapists navigating such boundaries is sparse and warrants further exploration. The aim of this qualitative systematic review was to thematically synthesise literature regarding therapists' (psychologists, psychotherapists, counsellors) experiences of implementing flexible therapeutic boundaries with refugee and asylum seeker clients and determine how such applications have been helpful for therapeutic interventions.MethodSix databases were searched. Following full‐text screening, 21 papers were included in the analysis. Boundary theory underpinned the analysis.ResultsThree major themes were developed: (i) Changes to Therapeutic Practice & Therapeutic Intervention, (ii) Re‐Conceptualisation of Therapy as ‘Clinical Political’ and Re‐Conceptualisation of Therapist Identity and (iii) Careful Monitoring of Personal Boundaries—Not becoming ‘Hardened’ or ‘Haunted’. Papers described how, when used in a reflective, considerate way, flexible therapeutic boundaries can strengthen the therapist–client alliance and positively impact therapeutic interventions. Many therapists acknowledged making conscious efforts to re‐conceptualise therapeutic work with refugee and asylum seeker clients from advocacy standpoints. However, systemic constraints, and lack of guidance, made this difficult to navigate and contributed to therapist burn‐out.ConclusionsBoundary considerations manifested as interpersonal, structural and cultural changes to practice. These have implications for clinical practice and developing guidelines on boundary practices with refugees and asylum seekers. Future research should explore promoting therapist well‐being and training needs for therapists supporting this population.

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What Do White Counselors and Psychotherapists Need to Know About Race? White Racial Socialization in Counseling and Psychotherapy Training Programs

Cited by 30 publications

References 35 publications

Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

Color‐Conscious Multicultural Mindfulness Training in the Counseling Field

A Phenomenological Inquiry Into Counselor of Color Broaching Experiences

Refugees and asylum seekers who have experienced trauma: Thematic synthesis of therapeutic boundary considerations

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