What does ‘green’ open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies

Gadd, Elizabeth; Covey, Denise Troll

doi:10.1177/0961000616657406

Cited by 59 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A 'how' restriction referred to the range of other stipulations made by the publisher such as acknowledging the publisher using a set form of wording and linking to the published version. As was explored in the earlier study (Gadd and Troll Covey 2016), just because a publisher was allocated a 'white' colour code, it did not mean that they did not allow any self-archiving, only that they did not permit it immediately. Thus a 'white' publisher may still have a series of 'where', 'when' and 'how' restrictions relating to the embargoed selfarchiving they allowed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With this in mind, a prior investigation sought to understand how publisher's OA policies had developed over a twelve year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015). It found that whilst more publishers were meeting the technical requirements for Green OA, the volume of restrictions on what could be selfarchived, how, where and when had grown 119, 190 and 1000% respectively, and the proportion of publishers offering a Gold OA option increased 1670% over the same timeframe (Gadd and Troll Covey 2016). However, the previous study included a range of different publishers of varying sizes, types and geographic locations, and we hypothesize that such demographics have a considerable influence on OA approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The influence of journal publisher characteristics on open access policy trends

2018

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Examines SHERPA/RoMEO publisher open access (OA) policy information for 100 publishers over a 13 year period (2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015)(2016) to consider whether their size, type or country (UK or US) affected the development of their OA policy over time. A publisher's RoMEO colour code, whether they offered a Gold OA option, and the mean number of restrictions as to when, how and where papers may be self-archived, were all mapped. Kruskal-Wallis tests were run to assess whether the differences between their 2004 and 2016 positions were statistically significant. Finds that the growth of Green and Gold OA policy approaches has not been evenly distributed amongst publishers with some significant differences amongst publishers of different size, types and country (UK and US). Large commercial publishers are more likely to be allocated a RoMEO colour code, but at the same time place a high volume of restrictions as to where and how authors might selfarchive. Small publishers are less likely to have a RoMEO green colour code, but the volume of restrictions they place on self-archiving are minimal. University presses appear not to be engaging with either OA agenda to any considerable degree. UK and US publishers' OA policies appear to be influenced by the national OA policy environment which, considering the global nature of the scholarly journals market, was more pronounced than might have been anticipated.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of journal publisher characteristics on open access policy trends

2018

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“…It classifies publisher open access policy positions and enables authors and repository managers to assess whether a paper may be made available on open access. A recent study by Gadd and Troll Covey (2016) has demonstrated the increasing complexity of publishers' Green open access policies over time as documented by the RoMEO database. It shows that the number of restrictions relating to the how, where and when of self-archiving have increased by 119%, 190% and 1000% respectively over the twelve years since the inception of the database.…”

Section: Fears Around Commercialisation Of Scholarshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

UK university policy approaches towards the copyright ownership of scholarly works and the future of open access

Gadd

2017

AJIM

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider how the open access policy environment has developed since the Rights Metadata for Open Archiving Project’s call in 2003 for universities and academics to assert joint copyright ownership of scholarly works and investigate whether UK universities are moving towards a joint copyright ownership. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses 81 UK university copyright policies to understand what proportion make a claim over: IP ownership of all outputs; the copyright in scholarly works; re-using scholarly works in specific ways; and approaches to moral rights. Results are cross-tabulated by policy age and mission group. Findings Universities have not asserted their interest in scholarly works through joint ownership, leaving research funders and publishers to set open access policy. The paper finds an increased proportion of universities assert a generic claim to all IP (87 per cent) relative to earlier studies. In total, 74 per cent of policies relinquished rights in scholarly works in favour of academic staff; 20 per cent of policies share ownership of scholarly works through licensing; 28 per cent of policies assert the right to re-use scholarly works in some way; and 32 per cent of policies seek to protect moral rights. Policies that “share” ownership of scholarly works are more recent. The UK Scholarly Communication Licence (UK-SCL) should have an impact on this area. The reliance on individual academics to enforce a copyright policy or not to opt-out of the UK-SCL could be problematic. The paper concludes that open access may still be best served by joint ownership of scholarly works. Originality/value This the first large-scale analysis of UK university policy positions towards scholarly works. The paper discovers for the first time a move towards “shared” ownership of scholarly works in copyright policies.

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“…These policies have become more restrictive over time [11,25,48], with Gadd and Troll Covey (2016) showing that the volume of time-embargoes, for example, has increased by 1000% since the inception of the SHERPA/RoMEO service, 12 years ago [12].…”

Section: The Role Of Librariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Embargoes constrain how outputs may be made available in a green OA form, often involving variable arrangements relating to 'where', 'when', 'why' deposited outputs can be made OA, and 'what' can be deposited [8,12]. With regard to 'where', publisher regulations may differ between deposits in institutional repositories or personal webpages, for example.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The UK Scholarly Communication Licence: Attempting to Cut through the Gordian Knot of the Complexities of Funder Mandates, Publisher Embargoes and Researcher Caution in Achieving Open Access

Baldwin

Pinfield

2018

Publications

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Whilst take-up of open access (OA) in the UK is growing rapidly due partly to a number of funder mandates, managing the complexities of balancing compliance with these mandates against restrictive publisher policies and ingrained academic priorities, has resulted in UK higher education institutions (HEIs) often struggling with confused researchers, complex workflows, and rising costs. In order to try to address this situation, the UK Scholarly Communication Licence (UK-SCL) was formulated to bypass the root causes of many of these challenges by implementing a licensing mechanism for multiple-mandate compliance in one single policy. This is the first empirical study to focus on the genesis of the UK-SCL and how its implementation has been conceived thus far. A qualitative research method was used, taking the form of 14 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders from the initiative across the UK. The results indicate that those working within UK HEIs are concerned with the complexity of the current OA policy landscape and are frustrated with the inertia within the current system, which has resulted in higher costs, further publisher restrictions, and has not addressed the underlying tensions in academic culture. The UK-SCL is seen by its initiators as a way to achieve further transition towards OA and take back some element of control of the content produced at their institutions. The study concludes by modelling the ways in which the UK-SCL is intended to impact relationships between key stakeholders, and discussing possible implementation futures.

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What does ‘green’ open access mean? Tracking twelve years of changes to journal publisher self-archiving policies

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

The influence of journal publisher characteristics on open access policy trends

The influence of journal publisher characteristics on open access policy trends

UK university policy approaches towards the copyright ownership of scholarly works and the future of open access

The UK Scholarly Communication Licence: Attempting to Cut through the Gordian Knot of the Complexities of Funder Mandates, Publisher Embargoes and Researcher Caution in Achieving Open Access

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