What effect does isoflurane have upon ciliary beat pattern: an in vivo study

Abstract

The effect of anaesthetic gases given via laryngeal mask on nasal ciliary beat pattern and frequency has not been studied. Anaesthetic gases such as isoflurane, halothane and enflurane are known to reduce ciliary beat frequency, but it is unknown whether they also cause cilia to beat in a dyskinetic fashion. Brush biopsies of nasal mucosa were taken pre- and post-anaesthesia with isoflurane, given via a laryngeal mask, from patients undergoing nasal surgery. The samples were observed by light microscopy, and high-speed digital video recordings were made to determine ciliary beat frequency. Using slow-motion playback, the ciliary beat pattern was scored for dysmotility, and the proportion of immotile cilia in the sample was determined. We found that ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (P < 0.01) after exposure to isoflurane (10.24 Hz compared to 9.20 Hz). However, isoflurane did not alter the ciliary beat pattern or the proportion of immotile cilia.

A new technique to examine individual pollutant particle and fibre deposition and transit behaviour in live mouse trachea

“…Both Nembutal (King et al, 1979) and isoflurane (Robertson et al, 2004) have been reported to alter mucociliary transit by affecting mucus rheology and ciliary beat frequency. Therefore it is likely that the true rate of transit is faster than the results suggest.…”

“…Therefore it is likely that the true rate of transit is faster than the results suggest. However, the ciliary beat pattern has been shown to be unaffected by isoflurane anaesthesia (Robertson et al, 2004). We are limited by Japanese Government regulation in the choice of anaesthetics available for experiments at the SPring-8 synchrotron, but it is apparent that across the different particle and fibre types, all delivered under the same anaesthetic regime, there are clear differences in post-deposition transit behaviour.…”

Avertin®, but Not Volatile Anesthetics Addressing the Two-Pore Domain K+ Channel, TASK-1, Slows Down Cilia-Driven Particle Transport in the Mouse Trachea

“…As for isoflurane, which had no impact on cilia-driven transport in our preparation, conflicting results have been reported previously. A decrease in CBF has been observed in the cultured rat tracheal epithelium [28], explanted murine trachea [29], and human nose [26, 30], whereas an increase was noted in the rabbit maxillary sinus in vivo [31]. Overall nasal MCC, measured in vivo by scintigraphy in mice, was not evidently altered in isoflurane anesthesia [4].…”

Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization

“…Lidocaine, a common local anesthetic, causes a reduction in CBF and can be ciliotoxic . Inhalational anesthetics (sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane) decrease CBF, with a weaker action described for sevoflurane . One study evaluated the action of isoflurane on CBP and found no effect .…”

“…Inhalational anesthetics (sevoflurane, halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane) decrease CBF, with a weaker action described for sevoflurane . One study evaluated the action of isoflurane on CBP and found no effect . Provided that a washout period is undertaken, anesthetic agents may be used when obtaining respiratory ciliated epithelium.…”