The authors draw on developmental psychopathology, life course sociology, and scholarship on educational processes to develop a conceptual framework for understanding the association of children's mental health problems with educational attainment. They use this framework to address two empirical gaps in prior research: lack of attention to mental health trajectories and the failure to consider diverse explanations. Using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Surveys of Youth data set, the authors identify latent classes that characterize trajectories of internalizing and externalizing problems from childhood through adolescence. Youths in the classes vary significantly in their likelihoods of high school completion and college entry. The authors evaluate the ability of three sets of mediators to explain these patterns: academic aptitude, disruptive behaviors, and educational expectations. Educational expectations are important mediators independent of academic aptitude and disruptive behaviors. Social responses to youths' mental health problems contribute importantly to their disrupted educational trajectories.Researchers from many different disciplines study whether, how, and why children's mental health problems affect socioeconomic success in adulthood. Educational researchers evaluate the implications of emotional and behavioral "readiness" at school entry for future academic performance as a means to understand and rectify persistent educational inequalities (e.g., Campbell et al. 2006; Spira and Fischel 2005;Vitaro et al. 2005). Health policy scholars estimate the effects of early-onset mental disorders on socioeconomic attainment to establish the societal relevance of the disorders and to argue for greater attention to mental health policy (e.g., Jayakody, Danziger, and Kessler 1998;Kessler et al. 1995). Epidemiologists in sociology and public health examine whether childhood mental health problems have effects on subsequent socioeconomic attainment in order to test the relative importance of social "selection" and social "causation" explanations for sociodemographic differences in mental health (e.g., Johnson et al. 1999; Miech et al. 1999;Ritsher et al. 2001). Despite commonalities in the measures and methods of these lines of research, they proceed relatively independently with little communication across disciplinary and substantive boundaries.Our goal in this article is to evaluate what we have and have not learned from these diverse efforts, and to present an analysis that locates these efforts in a comprehensive conceptual framework. The framework we develop draws on insights from developmental psychopathology, life course sociology, and scholarship on educational processes to highlight patterns of mental health among children and adolescents and to develop hypotheses about the
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript implications of those patterns for educational attainment. We evaluate our hypotheses using prospective longitudinal data on y...