What happens to the lower lumbar spine after marathon running: a 3.0 T MRI study of 21 first-time marathoners

Abstract

Objective To better understand the impact of long-distance running on runners’ lumbar spines by assessing changes before and after their first marathon run. Materials and methods The lumbar spines of 28 asymptomatic adults (14 males, 14 females, mean age: 30 years old), who registered for their first marathon, the 2019 London Richmond Marathon, were examined 16 weeks before (time point 1) and 2 weeks after (time point 2) the marathon. Participants undertook a pre-race 16-week training programme. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of high-resolution 3.0 Tesla was used at each time point. Senior musculoskeletal radiologists assessed the lower lumbar spine condition. Results Out of 28 participants, 21 completed both the training and the race and 7 neither completed the training nor started the marathon but not due to spine-related issues. At time point 1, disc degeneration was detected in 17/28 (61%), most predominantly at spinal segments L4–L5 and L5–S1. No back pain/other symptoms were reported. When compared to time point 2, there was no progression in the extent of disc degeneration, including intervertebral disc (IVD) height (p = 0.234), width (p = 0.359), and intervertebral distance (p = 0.641). There was a regression in 2 out of 8 (25%) participants who had pre-marathon sacroiliac joint bone marrow oedema, and a small increase in the size of a pre-marathon subchondral cyst in one participant, all asymptomatic. Conclusion Running 500 miles over 4 months plus a marathon for the first time had no adverse effects on the lumbar spine, even when early degenerative changes were present. Additionally, there was evidence of regression of sacroiliac joint abnormalities.