What has America learned Since Hurricane Katrina? Evaluating evacuation plans for carless and vulnerable populations in 50 large cities across the United States

Simulation Investigation on Crowd Evacuation Strategies for Helping Vulnerable Pedestrians at Different Stages of Egress

“…Vulnerable pedestrians are people who need special care, support and protection such as children, older pedestrians and people with disabilities [32], due to their characteristics. However, in long-distance hurricane evacuations, people who cannot drive or who do not have access to a vehicle are identified as vulnerable pedestrians because their conditions are at a disadvantage compared to others in the process of evacuation [33]. In this work, we investigate velocity-based vulnerable pedestrians, because of their characteristics, and distance-based vulnerable pedestrians, determined by their evacuation conditions.…”

Disaster Evacuation for Home-Based Patients with Special Healthcare Needs: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The Japanese government, following trends in other countries, recommends that any children receiving medical care at home and all older adults should be routinely enrolled with the emergency evacuation assistance registry [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. When there is a risk of a disaster, the government classifies the risk by five levels of vigilance, calling for early evacuation of medically vulnerable people and older adults [ 25 ].…”