What helps patients to prepare for and cope during awake craniotomy? A prospective qualitative study

Abstract

There is growing interest in awake craniotomies, but some clinicians are concerned that such procedures are poorly tolerated by patients. Therefore, we conducted a study to assess this phenomenon. In this prospective qualitative study, 68 patients who qualified for awake craniotomy were asked to complete the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)—two days before the surgery and visual analogue scales (VAS) for pain and stress, two days before the surgery and again about two days after. In addition, after their surgery, they took part in a structured interview about what helped them prepare for and cope with the surgery. Most patients tolerated the awake surgery well, scoring low on stress and pain scales. They reported a lower level of stress during the surgery (when questioned afterwards) than before it. Intensity of stress before the surgery correlated negatively with age, positively with HADS anxiety score and positively with stress subsequently experienced during surgery. The level of stress during surgery was associated with stress experienced before the surgery, pain and HADS anxiety and depression scores. Severity of pain during the surgery was positively correlated with stress during surgery and HADS depression and anxiety scores before the surgery. There was no correlation between stress, pain, anxiety and depression and the location of the lesion. Patients have a high tolerance for awake craniotomy. Various factors have an impact on how well patients cope with the operation. Extensive preoperative preparation should be considered a key part of the procedure.