What Influences Girls' Age at Marriage in Burkina Faso and Tanzania? Exploring the Contribution of Individual, Household, and Community Level Factors

Misunas, Christina; Erulkar, Annabel; Apicella, Louis; Ngô, Thoại D.; Psaki, Stephanie

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.09.015

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This suggests that increasing schooling opportunities for women have a significant bearing on reducing the prevalence of child marriages in Zambia, because educated women have the potential to make an informed decision about marital behavior because of easy access to appropriate reproductive health information. Our finding is consistent with similar studies conducted in Tanzania, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and Nigeria [ 21 , 30 , 49 ] which also reported education as a significant factor in reducing exposure to early marriage. Additionally, women whose partners had secondary or higher education are less likely to experience early marriage compared to those whose partners had a lower level of education.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The aggregation of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics (education, employment, wealth status, age at first birth) and behaviour-related factors (fertility desire, exposure to FP messages) from individual-level to community-level was done to study these variables at the community or neighbourhood level. These community variables were chosen based on their significance in previous research [ 21 , 30 ]. A community was defined as the primary sampling unit (i.e., cluster) of the ZDHS’s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, there has also been a growing interest in understanding and changing drivers that sustain the practice at the community level [ 22 , 25 ]. However, few studies have explored how the drivers of child marriage manifest across both micro (individual and household) and macro (community) levels, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [ 21 , 30 , 31 ]. Understanding the intersection of drivers across levels and to what extent drivers work separately or jointly to sustain the practice is critical for designing and implementing effective policies and programs aimed at preventing child marriage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual and Community-level factors associated with early marriage in Zambia: a mixed effect analysis

et al. 2023

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Background Child marriage has long been a public health concern around the world, because it has the potential to deprive adolescent girls of their sexual reproductive health rights and limits their ability to reach their full potential in life. The prevalence of child marriage has been consistently higher in sub-Saharan Africa than elsewhere. However, fewer studies have explored the influence of both individual and community-level influences on early marriage in sub-Saharan Africa. This study, therefore, examined individual and community-level factors associated with child marriages in Zambia. Methods Data came from the Zambia Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS) conducted in 2007, 2013–14 and 2018. A pooled weighted sample of 9990 women aged 20–29 years was used in the analysis. Stata software version 17 was used to perform statistical analysis, taking into account complex survey design. The association between individual- and community- level factors and early marital behavior was assessed using multilevel logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of child marriage among women aged 20–29 was 44.4 percent (95% CI: 42.1, 46.7) in 2018, declining from 51.5 percent (95% CI: 48.9, 54.0) in 2007. Women with secondary or higher level of education [aOR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.26–0.49] and [aOR = 0.07, 95% CI = 0.03–0.18] and those whose age at first birth was (15–19 year) or (20–29 years) were associated with less likelihood of experiencing child marriage. Communities with a high percentage of women who gave birth at a young age [aOR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15–1.62] were more likely to experience child marriage. Individual and community-level characteristics accounted for 35% of the overall variations in communities' likelihood of experiencing early marriage. Even after controlling for both individual and community-level influences, the intra-class correlation revealed that around 4.5 percent of the overall variations remained unexplained. Conclusion Prevalence of child marriage has reduced over the years but is still high in Zambia. Both individual and community- level factors influenced child marriage in Zambia. There is a need to strengthen strategies that keep girls in school to delay their exposure to early sexual debut and child marriage. Designing of reproductive health interventions in the country should consider integration of community factors such as economic insecurity and access to reproductive health information.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual and Community-level factors associated with early marriage in Zambia: a mixed effect analysis

et al. 2023

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“…Moreover, poor socioeconomic situations generally encourage the practice of child marriage, and its frequency is linked to home income. Child marriage decreases as affluence rises (Davis et al, 2013;Misunas et al, 2021). Between the poorest and wealthiest families, there has been a considerable difference in the frequency of child marriage.…”

Section: Economic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nexus between Economic Factors and Practice of Child Marriage: A Case Study of District Mohmand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Shah

Muhammad

Ullah

2022

JAFEE

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Purpose: This study aims to examine the economic factor as a stimulant behind the phenomena of child marriage in District Mohmand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Methodology: For this purpose, 200 sample respondents were selected through quota sampling from the selected Tehsil of Mommand agency. Furthermore, a chi-Square test was performed for measuring the association between study variables at Bivariate and Multivariate levels of analysis. Findings: Findings of the study unveil that economic factors significantly contributed to the phenomena of child marriage practices for both genders Implications: Based on study findings it has been recommended that efforts on micro and macro levels should be made to decrease the level of poverty, particularly in rural areas where the practice of child marriage is more prevalent than in urban areas. By providing social alternatives to marriage, such as education, skill, and technical development opportunities, especially for young girls, and the provision of loans to the poor families for entrepreneurship, the unfortunate practice of child marriage can be significantly overcome

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“…These statistics may reflect a historical record of women being vulnerable to social, political, and economic constraints. In some economically disadvantaged societies, girls are still prepared for nothing but marriage and childbearing ( Misunas et al, 2021 ). In Sub-Saharan Africa alone, 33.6% of primary and secondary school-age girls were out of school by 2019 for different reasons, including early pregnancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early pregnancies among middle school students: Attribution of blame and the feelings of responsibility among teachers and parents

2022

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IntroductionGlobally, 15% of adolescents give birth before turning 18, leading to considerable personal, social, and medical impacts on adolescents and to the general society.ObjectiveThis study aimed at exploring and comparing three psychological attributes (i.e., empathetic concern, feelings of responsibility, and attribution of blame) between parents and teachers for the phenomena.Method672 teachers (54% females) and 690 parents (53% female) participated in the study.ResultsThe results indicated a significant mean difference between parents and teachers on empathy (t = 5.735, p < 0.001), attribution of blame (t = 6.902, p < 0.001), and feelings of responsibility (t = 1.727, p < 0.001). Except for attribution of blame, parents’ mean scores of other variables were higher than that of teachers.DiscussionTeachers’ higher attribution of blame to pregnant adolescents and lower empathetic concern raises a prominent concern over students’ healthy environment at school.ConclusionUnderstanding social feelings about responsibilities over adolescents’ general health is very essential, especially for fighting against the problem of early pregnancy.

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What Influences Girls' Age at Marriage in Burkina Faso and Tanzania? Exploring the Contribution of Individual, Household, and Community Level Factors

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Individual and Community-level factors associated with early marriage in Zambia: a mixed effect analysis

Individual and Community-level factors associated with early marriage in Zambia: a mixed effect analysis

The Nexus between Economic Factors and Practice of Child Marriage: A Case Study of District Mohmand Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Early pregnancies among middle school students: Attribution of blame and the feelings of responsibility among teachers and parents

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