What Influences Saturation? Estimating Sample Sizes in Focus Group Research

Hennink, Monique; Kaiser, Bonnie N.; Weber, Mary Beth

doi:10.1177/1049732318821692

Cited by 652 publications

(477 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…While our recruitment strategy and methodology allowed for a rich understanding into consumers' perceptions of the HSR, it also led to some limitations in our findings. We conducted four focus groups at which point we reached data saturation, whereby no new themes emerged from the data, giving a high indication of the trustworthiness of our findings [32]. Data saturation is the optimal guide for sample size in qualitative research; however, it is known that a sample size of two or three focus groups will likely capture at least 80% of themes on a topic [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumers’ Perceptions of the Australian Health Star Rating Labelling Scheme

et al. 2020

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The objective of this study was to explore consumers’ use and perception of the Australian Health Star Rating (HSR). A purposive sample of fifteen Australian grocery shoppers was recruited into four focus groups using a supermarket intercept strategy. Focus group discussions were recorded, transcribed and analysed using an iterative approach to thematic analysis. Three key themes emerged from analysis. The HSR was seen as simple, uncluttered, easy to understand and useful for quick comparison across products. The nutrition information was viewed positively; however, there was little confidence in the HSR due to a perceived lack of transparency in the criteria used to determine the number of stars. Highly processed foods were generally seen as having inflated ratings and participants expressed concern that this would increase consumption of these products. Finally, there was a belief that the HSR had a lack of negative imagery limiting the dissuasive impact on consumers when presented with low-rated foods. Consumers saw benefits in the HSR but were sceptical about how the ratings were derived. Transparency about the development and education on the application may assist with consumers’ perception of the HSR.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consumers’ Perceptions of the Australian Health Star Rating Labelling Scheme

et al. 2020

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“…For focus groups a sample of 6-8 participants is recommended. Furthermore, following the recommendations 3 focus groups are expected for each target group (n = 4 groups with participating and non-participating physicians and insured persons) [22,23]. This corresponds to a case number of n = 72-96 subjects.…”

Section: Sample Size Calculation Qualitative Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the pediatric-centered integrated care AOK Junior: protocol for a mixed-method study

Liersch

Krüger

Oedingen

et al. 2020

BMC Health Serv Res

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Background: The "AOK-Junior" care program of the AOK Nordost (a German statutory health insurance) completes the primary care for children and adolescents (C&A) in the federal states of Berlin, Brandenburg and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern in Germany. The focus of this program is on prevention and early detection of illness on C&A. Furthermore, the aim is to maintain the health of C&A and to prevent, detect and treat illness on time. Elements of the program are not only the integrated care of C&A, but also, for example, weight reduction and additional medical checkups U10, U11 and J2. The evaluation of the complex intervention should provide information about the effectiveness of early disease detection and costs-effectiveness as well as of other parameters like satisfaction. Methods: The evaluation is performed on the levels of structural-, process-and results-quality. The cost effectiveness is also assessed by means of a health economic evaluation. In addition to the collection of qualitative and quantitative primary data from participating and non-participating C&A and paediatricians, routine data from a statutory health insurance are used in the evaluation. Furthermore, a cross-sectional design is used to evaluate the structure and process quality. The effectiveness is evaluated in longitudinal section design on the basis of the secondary data. The quantitative surveys include net n = 1096 C&A and n = 340 pediatricians. For the focus groups, a sample of 72 to 96 parents as well as pediatricians will be sought by using the method of theoretical sampling. Discussion: Around 560 pediatricians and 63,000 C&A currently participate in the AOK Nordost care program. The project provides information to what extent secondary preventive measures can lead to the early detection of diseases and on the associated cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, potentials and barriers of the program implementation are identified. The results of the evaluation study are expected not only to contribute to the further development of the care program, but also to derive recommendations for action.

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“…A total of 8 IDIs and 4 FGDs were enough in reaching data saturation. Hennink and colleagues argue that four (4) focus group discussions are sufficient to reaching code saturation (40). For the IDIs, 4 TBA interviews and 4 health worker interviews were conducted using the developed IDI guide.…”

Section: Data Collection Techniques and Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Once the child is delivered, he is no more your baby,” Exclusive Breastfeeding experiences of first-time mothers in Kassena-Nankana Municipality, Ghana - a qualitative study

Adda

Opoku-Mensah

Dako-Gyeke

2020

Preprint

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Background Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life is globally accepted as the preferred method for infant feeding. In Ghana, an estimated 84% of children < 2 months old are exclusively breastfed. But by age 4 to 5 months, only 49% continue to receive EBF. This situation continues to deteriorate. Thus, the need to explore perceptions, practices as well as factors that influence EBF in Ghana. Methods Using a qualitative design, four focus group discussions were conducted among first-time mothers and eight in-depth interviews with health workers and traditional birth attendants. The study was conducted in four communities in the Kassena-Nankana municipality of Ghana. Discussions and interviews were recorded and later transcribed verbatim to English language. The transcribed data was then coded with the aid of analysis computer software (Nvivo version 10.0) and later analyzed for the generation of themes. Results Exclusive breastfeeding is practiced among first-time mothers due to its perceived benefits; which include nutritional advantage, ability to enhance growth whilst boosting immunity and its economic value. However misconceptions as well as, certain cultural practices (e.g. giving herbal concoctions, breastmilk purification rites), and relational influences, may threaten a mother’s intention to exclusively breastfeed. Relational influences are mainly from mother in-laws, traditional birth attendants, grandmothers, herbalists and other older adults in the community. Conclusions Although first time mothers attempt EBF, external influences make it practically challenging. The availability and utilization of information on EBF was found to positively influence perceptions towards EBF, leading to change in attitude towards the act. Thus, the practice of community-based health services may be strengthened to provide support for first-time mothers as well as continuous education to the mother in laws, female elders and community leaders who influence decision making on breastfeeding of infants

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What Influences Saturation? Estimating Sample Sizes in Focus Group Research

Cited by 652 publications

References 24 publications

Consumers’ Perceptions of the Australian Health Star Rating Labelling Scheme

Consumers’ Perceptions of the Australian Health Star Rating Labelling Scheme

Evaluation of the pediatric-centered integrated care AOK Junior: protocol for a mixed-method study

Once the child is delivered, he is no more your baby,” Exclusive Breastfeeding experiences of first-time mothers in Kassena-Nankana Municipality, Ghana - a qualitative study

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