What is a biosecurity measure? A definition proposal for animal production and linked processing operations

Huber, Nikolaus; Andraud, Mathieu; Sassu, Elena L.; Prigge, Christopher; Zoche-Golob, Veit; Käsbohrer, Annemarie; D’Angelantonio, Daniela; Viltrop, Arvo; Żmudzki, J.; Jones, Hannah; Smith, Richard P.; Tobias, T.J.; Burow, Elke

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100433

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The high proportion of MDR C. coli isolates indicates an overuse of antimicrobials in animal husbandry [46]. To decrease the use of antimicrobials in food-producing animals and minimize the emergence and spread of MDR bacteria, the implementation of good farm and veterinary practices and application of strict biosecurity measures are necessary [47][48][49]. Additionally, according to Albernaz-Gonçalves et al [50], the use of antimicrobials and the risk of AMR can be reduced by providing good nutrition, clean water and appropriate living conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter

et al. 2023

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Pigs are known as the main Campylobacter coli reservoirs. Campylobacteriosis, the most commonly reported gastrointestinal disease in humans, is mainly caused by the consumption of poultry meat, and little is known about the role of pork. Pigs are often associated with C. coli, including antimicrobial-resistant isolates. Therefore, the entire pork production chain must be considered as an important source of antimicrobial-resistant C. coli. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolated from caecal samples of fattening pigs at the Estonian slaughterhouse level over a five-year period. The proportion of Campylobacter-positive caecal samples was 52%. All Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. coli. A high proportion of the isolates were resistant to most of the studied antimicrobials. The resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid was 74.8%, 54.4%, 34.4% and 31.9%, respectively. In addition, a high proportion (15.1%) of the isolates were multidrug-resistant and, in total, 93.3% were resistant to at least one antimicrobial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter

et al. 2023

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“…Through content analysis, we identified commonalities, interconnections, and potential gaps (figure 2) and proposed new definitions and examples of interventions from these commonly separated fields (table 1). Although the new proposed definition of biosecurity measures 9 proposes to exclude some veterinary medical interventions, in the typology presented here, we still include interventions traditionally considered part of biosecurity measures that are available in the current literature.…”

Section: Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…WASH comprises a group of measures to provide or improve drinking water supply (water quantity), as well as to remove or inactivate pathogens and chemicals ‘at source’ and/or ‘at point of use’ (water quality), to provide or improve facilities for the disposal of human waste (sanitation), and to promote or implement changes in hygienic practices (hygiene) 8. A recent study9 suggests biosecurity measures in animal health to be defined as ‘ the implementation of a segregation, hygiene or management procedure (excluding medically effective feed additives and preventive/curative treatment of animals) that specifically aims at reducing the probability of the introduction, establishment, survival or spread of any potential pathogen to, within or from a farm, a linked processing operation or a geographical area ’. Further breaking down the concept of biosecurity involves subdividing it into measures covering the areas of bioexclusion (the practices which together prevent the introduction of new pathogens), biocontainment (the escape of pathogens to neighbouring farms/animal facilities), and biomanagement (the control and management of pathogens already present in farms/animal facilities) 10.…”

Section: Wash and On-farm Biosecurity As Infection Prevention And Con...mentioning

confidence: 99%

One Health WASH: an AMR-smart integrative approach to preventing and controlling infection in farming communities

et al. 2023

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“…We also choose the rate of waning immunity,

η

, to be zero or positive, to represent lifelong immunity or waning immunity, respectively. We allow restocking to include infected and recovered individuals, as the movements of live animals between farms is known to be one of the main routes of infection transmission (Bartlett et al, 2022; Fèvre et al, 2006) and is a major concern at local, national and global level (Huber et al, 2022). We then vary the rates of culling and assess the evolution of infection transmission and virulence for different parameter combinations.…”

Section: Wildlife and Livestock Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evolution of parasite virulence under targeted culling and harvesting in wildlife and livestock

O'Neill,

White,

Boots

2023

Evolutionary Applications

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There is a clear need to understand the effect of human intervention on the evolution of infectious disease. In particular, culling and harvesting of both wildlife and managed livestock populations are carried out in a wide range of management practices, and they have the potential to impact the evolution of a broad range of disease characteristics. Applying eco‐evolutionary theory we show that once culling/harvesting becomes targeted on specific disease classes, the established result that culling selects for higher virulence is only found when sufficient infected individuals are culled. If susceptible or recovered individuals are targeted, selection for lower virulence can occur. An important implication of this result is that when culling to eradicate an infectious disease from a population, while it is optimal to target infected individuals, the consequent evolution can increase the basic reproductive ratio of the infection, , and make parasite eradication more difficult. We show that increases in evolved virulence due to the culling of infected individuals can lead to excess population decline when sustainably harvesting a population. In contrast, culling susceptible or recovered individuals can select for decreased virulence and a reduction in population decline through culling. The implications to the evolution of virulence are typically the same in wildlife populations, that are regulated by the parasite, and livestock populations, that have a constant population size where restocking balances the losses due to mortality. However, the well‐known result that vertical transmission selects for lower virulence and transmission in wildlife populations is less marked in livestock populations for parasites that convey long‐term immunity since restocking can enhance the density of the immune class. Our work emphasizes the importance of understanding the evolutionary consequences of intervention strategies and the different ecological feedbacks that can occur in wildlife and livestock populations.

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What is a biosecurity measure? A definition proposal for animal production and linked processing operations

Cited by 30 publications

References 38 publications

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter

Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated from Caecal Samples of Fattening Pigs at Slaughter

One Health WASH: an AMR-smart integrative approach to preventing and controlling infection in farming communities

The evolution of parasite virulence under targeted culling and harvesting in wildlife and livestock

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