What Is an Anxiety Disorder?

Craske, Michelle G.; Rauch, Scott L.; Ursano, Robert J.; Prenoveau, Jason M.; Pine, Daniel S.; Zinbarg, Richard E.

doi:10.1176/foc.9.3.foc369

Cited by 144 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Future work examining behavioral avoidance of anxiety in binge eating may be influential in this area. Behavioral avoidance is a hallmark feature of anxiety; 107 patients with binge eating may show a similar pattern of behavioral avoidance in eating and anxiety. In other words, individuals may engage in binge eating to mitigate (or avoid, distract) themselves from symptoms of anxiety; 31 in turn, use of binge eating may lead to a short-term alleviation of anxiety symptoms but contribute to maintained or increased anxiety over time within BEB and BED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature

Rosenbaum

White

2013

Health Psych Res

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The purpose of this manuscript is to expand the understanding of binge eating by reviewing the role of aspects of negative affect. Specifically, this paper will present evidence for further investigation of the bearing that anxiety may have in binge eating development and maintenance. A comprehensive review of the literature regarding the relation of binge eating and anxiety was performed. Valuable contributions have been made to the binge eating literature regarding some aspects of negative affect (i.e., depression); however, outside of bulimia nervosa studies, much of the theoretical and empirical binge eating research to date has not directly addressed the role of anxiety. Research supports expansion of investigations of negative emotionality and binge eating to include specific study of anxiety. Greater inclusivity and specificity in the unique contributions of various negative emotions may further the development of temporal models and intervention efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature

Rosenbaum

White

2013

Health Psych Res

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“…Anticipatory anxiety is thought to be a cardinal symptom of anxiety disorders (Craske et al, 2009) and anticipation paradigms are sensitive to insula, amygdala, and PFC activation (Nitschke et al, 2006;Simmons et al, 2004) as well as to pharmacologic effects of benzodiazepines and SSRIs Wise et al, 2007). The primary aim of this study was to delineate potential neuroanatomical mechanisms of action for PGB during anticipatory processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregabalin Influences Insula and Amygdala Activation During Anticipation of Emotional Images

Aupperle

Ravindran

Tankersley

et al. 2011

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Pregabalin (PGB) has shown potential as an anxiolytic for treatment of generalized and social anxiety disorder. PGB binds to voltagedependent calcium channels, leading to upregulation of GABA inhibitory activity and reduction in the release of various neurotransmitters. Previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies indicate that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines attenuate amygdala, insula, and medial prefrontal cortex activation during anticipation and emotional processing in healthy controls. The aim of this study was to examine whether acute PGB administration would attenuate activation in these regions during emotional anticipation. In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study, 16 healthy controls completed a paradigm involving anticipation of negative and positive affective images during fMRI approximately 1 h after administration of placebo, 50, or 200 mg PGB. Linear mixed model analysis revealed that PGB was associated with (1) decreases in left amygdala and anterior insula activation and (2) increases in anterior cingulate (ACC) activation, during anticipation of positive and negative stimuli. There was also a region of the anterior amygdala in which PGB dose was associated with increased activation during anticipation of negative and decreased activation during anticipation of positive stimuli. Attenuation of amygdala and insula activation during anticipatory or emotional processing may represent a common regional brain mechanism for anxiolytics across drug classes. PGB induced increases in ACC activation could be a unique effect related to top-down modulation of affective processing. These results provide further support for the viability of using pharmaco-fMRI to determine the anxiolytic potential of pharmacologic agents.

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“…However, it has long been recognized that clinical nosology poorly reflects etiological mechanisms, with both genetic and environmental risk factors showing nonspecific effects across disorders. ADs, despite their heterogeneous clinical presentations, likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat-response systems (12). Given the value of fear and anxiety for survival, there are likely sets of evolutionarily-conserved genes that regulate these basic biological responses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite differing on diagnostic definitions based upon clinical presentation, ADs likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat-response systems (12). ADs exhibit strong lifetime comorbidity with each other (13), with genetic epidemiologic studies pointing to shared genetic risk factors between them (14;15).…”

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confidence: 99%

Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Anxiety Disorders

Martin

Otowa

Lee

et al. 2017

European Neuropsychopharmacology

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Anxiety disorders, namely generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias, are common, etiologically complex conditions with a partially genetic basis. Despite differing on diagnostic definitions based upon clinical presentation, anxiety disorders likely represent various expressions of an underlying common diathesis of abnormal regulation of basic threat-response systems. We conducted genome-wide association analyses in nine samples of European ancestry from seven large, independent studies. To identify genetic variants contributing to genetic susceptibility shared across interview-generated DSM-based anxiety disorders, we applied two phenotypic approaches: (1) comparisons between categorical anxiety disorder cases and super-normal controls, and (2) quantitative phenotypic factor scores derived from a multivariate analysis combining information across the clinical phenotypes. We used logistic and linear regression, respectively, to analyze the association between these phenotypes and genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms. Metaanalysis for each phenotype combined results across the nine samples for over 18 000 unrelated individuals. Each meta-analysis identified a different genome-wide significant region, with the following markers showing the strongest association: for case-control contrasts, rs1709393 located in an uncharacterized non-coding RNA locus on chromosomal band 3q12.3 (P=1.65×10 −8 ); for factor scores, rs1067327 within CAMKMT encoding the calmodulin-lysine N-methyltransferase on chromosomal band 2p21 (P=2.86×10 −9 ). Independent replication and further exploration of these findings are needed to more fully understand the role of these variants in risk and expression of anxiety disorders. Otowa et al. Page 2Mol Psychiatry. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2017 April 01. Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptKeywords anxiety disorder; anxiety; genetics; genome-wide association study; meta-analysis Anxiety disorders (ADs), namely generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), and phobias, are relatively common, often disabling conditions with lifetime prevalence of over 20% (Kessler et al, 2005). Family and twin studies suggest both genetic and environmental factors underlying their etiology, with moderate levels of familial aggregation (OR 3-6) and heritability (30-50%) (1). As with most complex genetic traits, many linkage and candidate gene association studies of ADs have been conducted, with little success in robustly identifying their susceptibility genes (2;3).Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have proven to be a successful method for the identification of common genetic variants that increase susceptibility to complex disease. Recently, GWAS of specific anxiety and related disorders such as PD (4;5), post-traumatic stress disorder (6-8), obsessive compulsive disorder (9;10), and phobias (11) have been published. However, these have been limited by small sample sizes and resulting low overall power to detect significant a...

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What Is an Anxiety Disorder?

Cited by 144 publications

References 156 publications

The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature

The role of anxiety in binge eating behavior: a critical examination of theory and empirical literature

Pregabalin Influences Insula and Amygdala Activation During Anticipation of Emotional Images

Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies of Anxiety Disorders

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