What is and what is not ‘Fahr's disease’

Manyam, Bala V.

doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2004.12.001

Cited by 327 publications

(398 citation statements)

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“…A decrease in displays of affectivity and inaccessible memory were also verified. No hallucinato- Neuropsychiatric syndromes are commonly seen when CC are secondary to hypoparathyroidism and tend to be serious problems [1][2][3][4] . Acute conditions, such as delirium, may derive from electrolytic disturbances, especially in post surgical and toxic forms 1 .…”

Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Historically recognized as Fahr's syndrome, they can vary in presentation from accidental findings to severe neuropsychiatric syndromes [1][2][3][4] . Researchers have found that lesions are usually located at the basal ganglia and cerebellum and may reach the internal capsule and the thalamus, regardless the etiology 1,3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have found that lesions are usually located at the basal ganglia and cerebellum and may reach the internal capsule and the thalamus, regardless the etiology 1,3 . The reason for this tropism is unknown, but recent findings suggest that cellular and histochemical specificities, such as vascular permeability and the presence of other electrolytes (iron, zinc and magnesium), may contribute to the process [3][4][5] . CC development is slow and may remain asymptomatic for long periods of time 3,4 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pathologies most statistically associated to CC are calcium and phosphorus metabolic disturbances (endocrinopathies and genetic syndromes) 3,4 . Even though uncommon, hypoparathyroidism is a possible cause of severe psychiatric disturbances, whether these be related or not to CC 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parathormone (PTH) deficiency results in a reduction in serum calcium levels and an increase in serum phosphate levels, thus producing mineral deposits in the skin, retina and cerebrum 1 . Clinical symptoms of calcium imbalance previously demonstrated include: tetany, Chvostek sing (facial muscle cramps), laryngeal stridor, muscle stiffness, movement disturbances (freezing), and seizures [1][2][3][4][5] . The last of which may be the only manifestation of this condition 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cerebral calcifications and schizophreniform disorder

Meyer

Jozef²,

Taborda³

et al. 2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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objectives: Discuss pathophysiological aspects of cerebral calcifications (CC) and highlight its importance related to the occurrence of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Method: Single case report. result: Man 52 years old, 20 years after going through a total thyroidectomy, starts showing behavioral disturbance (psychotic syndrome). He was diagnosed as schizophrenic (paranoid subtype) and submitted to outpatient psychiatric treatment. During a psychiatric admission to evaluate his progressive cognitive and motor deterioration, we identified a dementia syndrome and extensive cerebral calcifications, derived from iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Conclusion: The calcium and phosphorus disturbances, including hypoparathyroidism, are common causes of CC. Its symptoms can imitate psychiatric disorders and produce serious and permanent cognitive sequelae. The exclusion of organicity is mandatory in any psychiatric investigative diagnosis in order to avoid unfavorable outcomes, such as in the present case report. resUMo objetivos: Discutir aspectos fisiopatológicos das calcificações cerebrais (CC) e ressaltar sua importância na ocorrência de síndromes neuropsiquiátricas. Método: Relato de caso individual. resultado: Homem 52 anos de idade, 20 anos após tireoidectomia total, iniciou com alteração comportamental (síndrome psicótica), foi diagnosticado como portador de esquizofrenia paranoide e encaminhado para ambulatório de psiquiatria. Durante internação psiquiátrica, para avaliação de importante deterioração cognitivo e motora, foi verificada a vigência de síndrome demencial e extensas CC, secundários a hipoparatiroidismo iatrogênico. Conclusão: Os distúrbios do metabolismo do cálcio e do fósforo, incluindo o hipoparatiroidismo, são causas frequentes de CC. Seus sintomas podem mimetizar transtornos psiquiátricos e provocar sequelas cognitivas permanentes. A exclusão de organicidade é mandatória durante toda investigação diagnóstica na psiquiatria, a fim de evitar desfechos desfavoráveis, como no presente relato de caso.

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Section: Case Reportmentioning

confidence: 99%