What is behind phylogenetic analysis of hospital‐, community‐ and livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>?

El-Hamid, Marwa I. Abd; Bendary, Mahmoud M.; Merwad, Abdallah M. A.; Elsohaby, Ibrahim; Ghaith, Doaa; Alshareef, Walaa A.

doi:10.1111/tbed.13170

Cited by 27 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The emerging and increasing prevalence of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents among pathogenic bacteria [18][19][20] and fungi [21] has become a public health challenge [22] due to the limitation in the therapeutic options for those strains. Unfortunately, this crisis has grown until the appearance of both XDR and pandrug-resistant (PDR) strains [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens

et al. 2020

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Foodborne pathogens have been associated with severe and complicated diseases. Therefore, these types of infections are a concern for public health officials and food and dairy industries. Regarding the wide-spread multidrug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis), new and alternative therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Therefore, we investigated the antimicrobial, anti-virulence, and immunostimulant activities of a stable formulation of thymol as thymol nanoemulsion in an in vivo approach. Notably, treatment with 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion led to a pronounced improvement in the body weight gain and feed conversion ratio in addition to decreases in the severity of clinical findings and mortality percentages of challenged chickens with XDR S. Enteritidis confirming its pronounced antimicrobial activities. Moreover, thymol nanoemulsion, at this dose, had protective effects through up-regulation of the protective cytokines and down-regulation of XDR S. Enteritidis sopB virulence gene and interleukins (IL)-4 and IL-10 cytokines as those hinder the host defenses. Furthermore, it enhanced the growth of gut Bifidobacteria species, which increases the strength of the immune system. For that, we suggested the therapeutic use of thymol nanoemulsion against resistant foodborne pathogens. Finally, we recommended the use of 2.25% thymol nanoemulsion as a feed additive for immunocompromised individuals as well as in the veterinary fields.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens

et al. 2020

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“…Numerous different diseases are associated with S. aureus infection. This has been attributed to the expression of a large repertoire of virulence genes such as coagulase ( coa ), S. aureus protein A ( spa ), Panton–Valentine leucocidin ( pvl ), toxic shock syndrome toxin ( tst ), exfoliative toxins A ( eta ) and B ( etb ), and staphylococcal enterotoxins A–G ( sea – seg ), which cause harmful toxic effects to the host [ 2 , 3 ]. The staphylococcal virulence factors are under the control of the accessory gene regulator ( agr ) quorum sensing (QS) system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promising Antibiofilm Agents: Recent Breakthrough against Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

El-Hamid

El-Naenaeey

Kandeel³

et al. 2020

Antibiotics

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Multidrug resistant (MDR) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a superbug pathogen that causes serious diseases. One of the main reasons for the lack of the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy against infections caused by this resistant pathogen is the recalcitrant nature of MRSA biofilms, which results in an increasingly serious situation worldwide. Consequently, the development of innovative biofilm inhibitors is urgently needed to control the biofilm formation by this pathogen. In this work, we thus sought to evaluate the biofilm inhibiting ability of some promising antibiofilm agents such as zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zno NPs), proteinase K, and hamamelitannin (HAM) in managing the MRSA biofilms. Different phenotypic and genotypic methods were used to identify the biofilm producing MDR MRSA isolates and the antibiofilm/antimicrobial activities of the used promising agents. Our study demonstrated strong antibiofilm activities of ZnO NPs, proteinase K, and HAM against MRSA biofilms along with their transcriptional modulation of biofilm (intercellular adhesion A, icaA) and quorum sensing (QS) (agr) genes. Interestingly, only ZnO NPs showed a powerful antimicrobial activity against this pathogen. Collectively, we observed overall positive correlations between the biofilm production and the antimicrobial resistance/agr genotypes II and IV. Meanwhile, there was no significant correlation between the toxin genes and the biofilm production. The ZnO NPs were recommended to be used alone as potent antimicrobial and antibiofilm agents against MDR MRSA and their biofilm-associated diseases. On the other hand, proteinase-K and HAM can be co-administrated with other antimicrobial agents to manage such types of infections.

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“…Marked genetic similarities were found between CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA as both clades share the lineages ST239 and ST398, both contain SCCmec IV and V, while exhibiting little differences in their staphylococcal protein a (spa) types [22][23][24]35,37,39]. This suggests that dissemination occurs in a bidirectional manner; from animals to humans and vice versa, with specifically high prevalence of LA-MRSA between veterinarians, farmers and those in close contact with animals [23,25,39].…”

Section: Clonal Relation Between Ca-mrsa and La-mrsamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic Overview into the Evolving Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

dessouky

Mouftah

Elhadidy³

2020

Mansoura Veterinary Medical Journal

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Emerging infections represent an enormous challenge to both human and veterinary medicine. Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in various species and in food has raised concerns about the roles of animals in the epidemiology of MRSA. MRSA are a group of grampositive bacteria, distinct from other strains of S. aureus in that this pathogen is resistant to methicillin, oxacillin, and all beta-lactam antibiotics. The severity of infections caused by MRSA depends on the strain responsible for the infection and can vary from soft tissue infections to bacteremia and sometimes pneumonia. MRSA strains are divided into clones, based on their genetic makeup. According to the setting of infection, MRSA are divided into three epidemiological types: hospital acquired (HA-MRSA), community acquired (CA-MRSA), and livestock acquired (LA-MRSA) (ie. Transmitted from animal carriers). The epidemiology of HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA is blurred as different recent genetic studies have revealed significant overlap of identical clones between HA-MRSA and CA-MRSA, and the significant increase of human infection caused by LA-MRSA. Furthermore, the animal-human and animal-animal transmission of LA-MRSA has prompted further investigation to study the origin of this epidemiological type and the transmission dynamics. The genetic and virulence profiles of different types of MRSA vary widely, where community acquired and livestock acquired strains are more virulent than hospital acquired strains. This review sheds light on three epidemiological groups of MRSA (HA -MRSA, CA-MRSA, and LA-MRSA), and their most prevalent clonal clusters, that can consequently allow better understanding of their evolution, emergence, transmission, and global dissemination.

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What is behind phylogenetic analysis of hospital‐, community‐ and livestock‐associated methicillin‐resistantStaphylococcus aureus?

Cited by 27 publications

References 46 publications

Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens

Thymol Nanoemulsion: A New Therapeutic Option for Extensively Drug Resistant Foodborne Pathogens

Promising Antibiofilm Agents: Recent Breakthrough against Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Genomic Overview into the Evolving Epidemiology of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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