What is behind the ‘swarm of bees’ in alopecia areata

Ohyama, Manabu

doi:10.1111/bjd.17142

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“… 9 In what is commonly referred to as a “swarm of bees” on histopathology, inflammatory cells also invade the hair follicle and cause a dysregulation that leads to the clinical presentation of AA. 13 …”

Section: Updates On Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 In what is commonly referred to as a "swarm of bees" on histopathology, inflammatory cells also invade the hair follicle and cause a dysregulation that leads to the clinical presentation of AA. 13 The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and inflammasomes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of AA. C3H/ HeJ is a mouse model, which shows phenotypic, histologic, and immune similarities to human AA.…”

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs

Alhanshali¹,

Buontempo²,

Sicco³

et al. 2023

CCID

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Alopecia areata is an autoimmune hair loss disorder with variations in distribution, duration, and severity. The disease is chronic and often follows an unpredictable course, frequently leading to stress and anxiety for those who suffer from it. Throughout the years more knowledge has been gained regarding pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, impact on quality of life, as well as treatment strategies for alopecia areata. However, challenges in treating and alleviating the burden of disease remain. In this article, we discuss updates regarding the pathogenesis and treatment of alopecia areata and highlight unmet needs of the condition, including a review of limitations of current treatments, accessibility to management strategies, and the need for disease awareness and advocacy.

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Section: Updates On Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Immunologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs

Alhanshali¹,

Buontempo²,

Sicco³

et al. 2023

CCID

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“…Diagnosis is nowadays based on dermoscopic identification of black and yellow dots, exclamation mark hairs, broken hairs, short vellus hairs and tapered hairs (Waśkiel et al, 2018). In doubtful cases, a biopsy taken from the margins of an active lesion typically shows the presence of lymphocytes surrounding and invading hair bulbs (Ohyama, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Stefanis¹

2023

Prague Med. Rep.

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Alopecia areata is a disease of autoimmune origin which causes non scarring hair loss. The extent of alopecia varies from a small patch to complete scalp and body hair loss, which can have huge psychosocial impact for those affected. Treatment modalities which have been used so far included nonspecific immunosuppressive medications, such as corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate, or topical immunomodulators, such as diphencyprone, dithranol, and squaric acid dibutylester. The recognition of the importance of Janus kinase pathway in alopecia areata pathogenesis enabled more specific approaches in treatment. Positive outcomes of Janus kinase inhibitors in several trials granted approval for baricitinib which became the first on-label treatment for alopecia areata. The aim of this review is to summarize the role, efficacy and safety of several Janus kinase inhibitors in alopecia areata.

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“…Multiple immunophenotyping studies have suggested the involvement of different T‐helper axes (TH1, TH2, and TH17) in the pathogenesis of AA 3 . CD8+ T cells predominate in the intrafollicular infiltrate and directly attack the follicular epithelium, while CD4+ T cells accumulate mainly in the perifollicular area along with key mediators, such as interferon‐γ, natural killer germline encoded receptor (NKG2D), interleukin‐5(IL5), IL6, IL23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granzymes, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AA 4,5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 CD8+ T cells predominate in the intrafollicular infiltrate and directly attack the follicular epithelium, while CD4+ T cells accumulate mainly in the perifollicular area along with key mediators, such as interferon-γ, natural killer germline encoded receptor (NKG2D), interleukin-5(IL5), IL6, IL23, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and granzymes, all of which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of AA. 4,5 Although there are several treatment modalities for AA, including topical treatments such as topical and intralesional corticosteroids, minoxidil, topical bimatoprost, systemic treatments such as systemic corticosteroids, photochemotherapy, cyclosporine, methotrexate, sulphasalazine and biologics, the treatment, and prevention of the recurrence of AA are still challenging. 6,7 Topical immunotherapy, such as squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) and diphencyprone (DPCP), has been suggested as an effective treatment for severe AA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida antigen immunotherapy versus steroid in the treatment of alopecia areata

Ali

Ibrahim

Sayed

2021

Dermatologic Therapy

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Alopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune hair follicle disorder that is challenging to treat. Although there are multiple topical immunotherapeutic agents, their side effects limit their use. Candida antigen can serve as another immunotherapeutic treatment, with an easier application and fewer side effects. To evaluate the efficacy of Candida antigen versus intralesional steroids for the treatment of AA. About 48 adult patients with AA were divided into two groups. The Candida group included 24 patients who were injected monthly with 0.1 mL of Candida albicans antigen in one patch of alopecia, and the intralesional corticosteroid group included 24 patients who were injected monthly with 0.1 mL of triamcinolone acetonide, as a control group, in all alopecia patches. After 5 months, there was a highly significant decrease in the severity of AA in both groups with no significant difference between them. In the Candida group, 8 patients showed complete hair regrowth and 9 patients showed partial regrowth. Side effects were mild and transient such as pain during injection, which was significantly lower in the Candida group than in the corticosteroid group. Intralesional Candida antigen is a promising effective treatment for AA with differing severities.

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What is behind the ‘swarm of bees’ in alopecia areata

Abstract: Linked Article: Rajabi et al. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1033–1048.

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs

Alopecia Areata: Burden of Disease, Approach to Treatment, and Current Unmet Needs

Janus Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Alopecia Areata

Candida antigen immunotherapy versus steroid in the treatment of alopecia areata

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