What Is Driving the Decline in People’s Willingness to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States?

Lewis, Jarrett

doi:10.1001/jamahealthforum.2020.1393

Cited by 32 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Multiple investigations have been carried out to understand peoples’ willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Globally, a declining trend of COVID-19 vaccination intent has been documented [ 7 , 8 ]. In particular, several surveys conducted in the U.S. found a number of different factors as drivers of vaccine acceptance [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Globally, a declining trend of COVID-19 vaccination intent has been documented [ 7 , 8 ]. In particular, several surveys conducted in the U.S. found a number of different factors as drivers of vaccine acceptance [ 8 ]. Major population concerns are related to the safety and efficacy of the vaccines, due to their rapid approval process, and fear of side effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy

et al. 2021

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In March 2021, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still poses a threat to the global population, and is a public health challenge that needs to be overcome. Now more than ever, action is needed to tackle vaccine hesitancy, especially in light of the availability of effective and safe vaccines. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out on a representative random sample of 1011 citizens from the Emilia-Romagna region, in Italy, in January 2021. The questionnaire collected information on socio-demographics, comorbidities, past vaccination refusal, COVID-19-related experiences, risk perception of infection, and likelihood to accept COVID-19 vaccination. Multiple logistic regression analyses and classification tree analyses were performed to identify significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy and to distinguish groups with different levels of hesitancy. Overall, 31.1% of the sample reported hesitancy. Past vaccination refusal was the key discriminating variable followed by perceived risk of infection. Other significant predictors of hesitancy were: ages between 35 and 54 years, female gender, low educational level, low income, and absence of comorbidities. The most common concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine involved safety (54%) and efficacy (27%). Studying the main determinants of vaccine hesitancy can help with targeting vaccination strategies, in order to gain widespread acceptance—a key path to ensure a rapid way out of the current pandemic emergency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy

et al. 2021

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“…It has been recognized early on that the race to produce Covid-19 vaccines will not halt the pandemic unless there is a general acceptance by the public to take the vaccine 1,2 . Therefore, Covid- 19 vaccination hesitancy has been studied heavily before and since the early stage of vaccine availability, with high variation in the willingness to be vaccinated among different communities [3][4][5] . Several large multinational studies on vaccine acceptance have been conducted in 19 countries (n=13,426) 6 , 15 countries (n=18,526) 7 , 15 countries (n= 13,500) 8 , 14 countries (n= 12,777) 9 , and 7 countries (n = 7,662) 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, the authorization of the use of Sinopharm vaccine by some Arab countries, despite the lack of sufficient safety and effectiveness evidence 16 , may have an impact on the public’s trust in the vaccine and the health policies in these countries. Furthermore, attitudes towards the vaccines are affected by complex and dynamic interplaying factors, and considerable changes over time have been observed in acceptance and hesitancy rates 6–9,17–19 . For all of these reasons, the earlier local studies cannot be generalized to the Arab world and further larger studies will present a clearer picture of the region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A High Rate of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Arabs: Results of a Large-scale Survey

Helmy²,

Basheti

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this study, we present the results of the first large-scale multinational study (36,220 participants) that measures vaccine hesitancy among Arab-speaking subjects. Our analysis shows a significant rate of vaccine hesitancy among Arabs in and outside the Arab region (83% and 81%, respectively). The most cited reasons for hesitancy are concerns about side effects and distrust in healthcare policies, vaccine expedited production, published studies and vaccine producing companies. We also found that female participants, participants 30-59 year-old, those with no chronic diseases, those with lower-level of academic education, and those who do not know the type of vaccine authorized in their countries are more hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccination. On the other hand, participants who regularly receive the influenza vaccine, health care workers, and those from countries with higher rates of COVID-19 infections showed more vaccination willingness. Interactive representation of our results is posted on our project website at https://mainapp.shinyapps.io/CVHAA.

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“…Historically, in the US, there has been increasing reluctance to accepting new vaccines, 9 with significant variations in attitudes towards immunization by race and ethnicity. 10–12 Willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine also varies by socio-demographic characteristics, with increased acceptance by males, older adults, those who identify as Asian Americans, and those with higher education.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Inequity in the United States: Results from a nationally representative survey

Gibson

Agarwal

Meghani

et al. 2021

Preprint

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BackgroundAt the time of this survey, September 1st, there were roughly 6 million COVID-19 cases and 176,771 deaths in the United States and no federally approved vaccine. The objective of this study was to explore the willingness to accept a COVID-19 vaccine in the United States and describe variability in this acceptability by key racial, ethnic and socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional digital survey that sampled participants from a nationally-representative panel maintained by a third party, Dynata. Dynata randomly sampled their database and emailed web-based surveys to United States residents ensuring the sample was matched to US Census estimates for age, race, gender, income, and Census region. Participants were asked how willing or unwilling they would be to: 1) receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it was made publicly available, and 2) receive the influenza vaccine for the upcoming influenza season. Participants could respond with extremely willing, willing, unwilling, or extremely unwilling. For those who reported being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, reasons for this hesitancy were captured. All participants were asked about where they obtain vaccine-related information, and which sources they trust most. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association of all demographic characteristics with willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine.FindingsFrom September 1st to September 7, 2020, 1592 respondents completed the online survey. Overall, weighted analyses found that only 58.9% of the sample population were either willing or extremely willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as it was made publicly available. In comparison, 67.7% of the respondents were willing or extremely willing to take the influenza vaccine. By gender, 66.1% of males and 51.5% of females were willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Males were significantly more willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.98, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.53; p<0.001) than females. Blacks were the least willing racial/ethnic group (48.8%) Blacks, (aOR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.80; p<0.001) were significantly less willing, than whites, to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. There were numerous reasons provided for being unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine. The most common reason was concern about the vaccine’s safety (36.9%), followed by concerns over its efficacy (19.1%).InterpretationIn conclusion, we found that a substantial proportion (41%) of United States residents are unwilling to receive a COVID-19 vaccine as soon as one is made publicly available. We found that vaccine acceptance differs by sub-populations. In addition to sub-group differences in willingness to receive the vaccine, respondents provided a variety of reasons for being unwilling to receive the vaccine, driven by various sources of vaccine information (and misinformation). This compounds the challenge of delivering a safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccine at a population level to achieve herd immunity. A multi-pronged and targeted communications and outreach effort is likely needed to achieve a high level of immunization coverage.

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What Is Driving the Decline in People’s Willingness to Take the COVID-19 Vaccine in the United States?

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy

Enhancing COVID-19 Vaccines Acceptance: Results from a Survey on Vaccine Hesitancy in Northern Italy

A High Rate of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Arabs: Results of a Large-scale Survey

COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Inequity in the United States: Results from a nationally representative survey

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