“…As regards the organization of mentoring practices, one of the limitations is that the process is deeply individualized, resting on a dyadic relationship of learner and mentor, even though the trend is towards more communal development (Forde & O'Brien, 2011). The term mentoring also connotes a hierarchical relationship between participants and a conservative view of learning, which assumes that knowledge is something that can be transferred from one person to another (Pennanen et al, 2016;Le Cornu, 2005). Thus, for beginning teachers it suggests an unidirectional socialization into the existing cultures of schooling (Pennanen et al, 2016) and can even be harmful for the development of their professional identities (Yuan, 2016).…”