“…The international higher education environment has had to assume important challenges in recent years (Shattock, 1998, 1999; Dearlove, 2002; Middlehurst, 2004; Kim, 2008; Trakman, 2008; Melville-Ross, 2010; Parker, 2011; Parry, 2013; Rowlands, 2013). These challenges have brought greater emphasis on financial imperatives, the need for operational efficiency, strong internal governance and heightened discourses of “accountability” and “transparency” (Hordern, 2013; Middlehurst, 2013; Parry, 2013; Rowlands, 2013; Taylor, 2013a, b). Transparency and accountability are the focus of the discussion about the transformation of public administrations in the society (Kass, 2005; Gandía et al , 2016; Kim et al , 2005; Justice et al , 2006; Detlor et al , 2013).…”