What Is in Your Wallet? Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse on Paper Currency with a Rapid LC–MS/MS Method

Parker, Patrick D.; Beers, Brandon

doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.7b00196

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Experience of these practical analytical procedures is useful in academia, government, and industry. Laboratory experiments on the use of chromatography (gas and liquid)–mass spectrometry-based methods with applications in the chemical, , environmental, − forensic, biological, and clinical fields are being taught at the universities, but additional training and hands-on experience in these methods should be available in the analytical chemistry and instrumental analysis laboratory courses to provide invaluable skills and experience for undergraduate students.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Pesticides in Plant Foods by QuEChERS and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment

Hengel¹,

Wong

Redman³

et al. 2019

J. Chem. Educ.

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Undergraduate students in an environmental chemistry laboratory course were taught QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe), a sample preparation procedure that is commonly used in pesticide laboratories involving an acetonitrile salt-out extraction of fresh produce samples followed by solid-phase dispersive cleanup using a combination of sorbents. The cleaned extract was solvent exchanged into toluene and analyzed for pesticides by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in selective ion monitoring mode (GC–MS/SIM). Students utilized QuEChERS to analyze spiked and incurred pesticide residues in several types of plant foods and applied GC–MS/SIM for the simultaneous quantitation and identification of pesticides. Several chemistry, laboratory, and instrumental concepts were demonstrated such as sample preparation, aspects of method validation, and interpretation of chromatographic and mass spectrometric results. This experiment received favorable responses from the students because of the “real-world” applicability of the QuEChERS procedure, the use of GC–MS analysis, and concepts transferred from lecture to the laboratory.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Pesticides in Plant Foods by QuEChERS and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment

Hengel¹,

Wong

Redman³

et al. 2019

J. Chem. Educ.

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show abstract

“…In order to introduce this modern technique to students, a familiar context could make the abstract theory more interesting and worth understanding. 34 Even smaller number of the experiments have been designed for an audience outside of university. 36 Yet, they would benefit the most from having a glance into the world of chemistry research by trying out the instruments used by scientists, since students outside university do not usually have a possibility to use modern methods and instruments.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analytical techniques combining liquid chromatography (LC) to mass spectrometry (MS) are routinely used in chemistry research, and numerous laboratory experiments utilizing LC-MS have been published in this Journal . − However, only a small number of them provide a context that students would be familiar with from everyday life. In order to introduce this modern technique to students, a familiar context could make the abstract theory more interesting and worth understanding . Even smaller number of the experiments have been designed for an audience outside of university .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Tree Species by Their Defense Compounds: A Study with Leaf Buds of White and Silver Birches

et al. 2021

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Plants encounter several different threats that affect their well-being during the spring. With chemistry, plants may defend themselves from, for example, excess UV-radiation and herbivores. The defense compounds between plant species vary, which makes it possible to utilize chemistry in identifying the plant species. In this laboratory experiment, students extracted the defense compounds from the surface of leaf buds, estimated the total phenolic content of the extract, and determined its antioxidant activity. In addition, the chemical fingerprints of the leaf buds were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined to mass spectrometry to identify the species as white birch, silver birch, or some other tree species. The laboratory experiment was performed with secondary school and university students in one approximately 3 h laboratory session. Pre- and post-tests done by the university students showed that the experiment provided students a basic understanding of how the instruments function and what they are used for. Their mind maps of the chemistry of plants were concentrated on the primary metabolites, but the experiment widened their views of specialized metabolites and their functions in plants, thus encouraging the students to combine chemical and biological information.

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“…Until now, only few laboratory experiments published in this Journal have utilized tandem mass spectrometry, and the different tandem modes such as MRM or SRM (multiple/single reaction monitoring). The previously published studies have included analyses of perfluorinated surfactants in fish liver, 11 amoxicillin in river waters, 12 and drugs of abuse in paper currency 13 as well as the development of an MRM method for vanillin, ethyl vanillin, and coumarin, 14 or more technical overview of ESI-MS (electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry) instrumentation in different modes. 15 All of these experiments have been designed for undergraduate students, but a fast and simple method to demonstrate the use of mass spectrometry for younger students has not been previously described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry of Autumn Colors: Quantitative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Anthocyanins and Carotenoids and Qualitative Analysis of Anthocyanins by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2020

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The autumnal leaf color change is a familiar phenomenon to most students living in temperate climate zones. The extraction and analysis of the pigments of the autumn leaves provide an engaging way to study the phenomenon utilizing both simple as well as more sophisticated analytical methods. In this laboratory experiment, students extract the red and yellow pigments, that is, anthocyanins and carotenoids from leaves and separate them from each other by liquid–liquid extractions. From the separated phases, anthocyanin and carotenoid concentrations can be evaluated visually or spectrophotometrically. The anthocyanins are analyzed by a rapid and simple ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method to discover which of the six most common groups of anthocyanins are present in the sample. The simplicity of the experiment setup allows it to be used as an introduction to mass spectrometry since the results can be easily interpreted without complicated data processing. The experiment provides opportunities for learning outside the classroom, as the samples can be collected from the nearby parks or forests and analyzed using more sophisticated methods on a student visit to a university or other research institution. The sample preparation followed by the visual analyses of the phases is however simple enough to be performed in a regular school laboratory.

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What Is in Your Wallet? Quantitation of Drugs of Abuse on Paper Currency with a Rapid LC–MS/MS Method

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Analysis of Pesticides in Plant Foods by QuEChERS and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment

Analysis of Pesticides in Plant Foods by QuEChERS and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry: An Undergraduate Laboratory Experiment

Identification of Tree Species by Their Defense Compounds: A Study with Leaf Buds of White and Silver Birches

Chemistry of Autumn Colors: Quantitative Spectrophotometric Analysis of Anthocyanins and Carotenoids and Qualitative Analysis of Anthocyanins by Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry

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