What is known about the mechanisms of dietary influences in Crohn's disease?

Chan, David Y.; Kumar, Devinder; Mendall, M. A.

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.04.018

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…The low-residue diet used in the RCT of CD patients had no significantly different outcomes as compared with that of the normal Italian diet [ 79 ]. As these patients had limited DF (mainly in the form of insoluble DFs) to <10–15 g/day in their diets, this might be taken to imply that reducing DF intake would have little effect in IBD [ 3 ]. However, the data may alternatively be interpreted to suggest that a normal Italian diet, which is rich in plant foods and DF, had no detrimental effects on the disease, and the subjects could now go on to try diets containing even higher amounts of DF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two major forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease (CD), which may affect the small and/or large intestine, the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and anus, and ulcerative colitis (UC), which affects primarily the colonic mucosa. Although CD has been traditionally defined as a chronic inflammatory condition that can be located anywhere on the epithelial layer of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [ 3 , 4 ], a recent analysis suggests that CD might itself be divided into two classes, depending partly on the disease location [ 5 ]. Clinical features that all IBD patients commonly experience include diarrhoea and/or constipation, and abdominal cramping following bowel movements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Wong

Harris

Ferguson

2016

IJMS

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Intestinal dysbiosis is thought to be an important cause of disease progression and the gastrointestinal symptoms experienced in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Inflammation appears to be a major contributor in perpetuating a dysregulated gut microbiota. Although current drug therapies can significantly induce and maintain disease remission, there is no cure for these diseases. Nevertheless, ongoing human studies investigating dietary fibre interventions may potentially prove to exert beneficial outcomes for IBD. Postulated mechanisms include direct interactions with the gut mucosa through immunomodulation, or indirectly through the microbiome. Component species of the microbiome may degrade dietary-fibre polysaccharides and ferment the products to form short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Prebiotic dietary fibres may also act more directly by altering the composition of the microbiome. Longer term benefits in reducing the risk of more aggressive disease or colorectal cancer may require other dietary fibre sources such as wheat bran or psyllium. By critically examining clinical trials that have used dietary fibre supplements or dietary patterns containing specific types or amounts of dietary fibres, it may be possible to assess whether varying the intake of specific dietary fibres may offer an efficient treatment for IBD patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Wong

Harris

Ferguson

2016

IJMS

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“…The role of diet in the development of IBD has been extensively studied [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. The general perception is that a Western-style diet, which contains high levels of animal products and readily digestible carbohydrates but low amounts of vegetable or fruit, predisposes susceptible individuals to IBD [ 49 , 50 , 51 ]. Several dietary strategies to lower the risk of IBD or to promote recovery or remission have been reported.…”

Section: Influences On Colonizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis

2020

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Crohn’s Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC) are world-wide health problems in which intestinal dysbiosis or adverse functional changes in the microbiome are causative or exacerbating factors. The reduced abundance and diversity of the microbiome may be a result of a lack of exposure to vital commensal microbes or overexposure to competitive pathobionts during early life. Alternatively, many commensal bacteria may not find a suitable intestinal niche or fail to proliferate or function in a protective/competitive manner if they do colonize. Bacteria express a range of factors, such as fimbriae, flagella, and secretory compounds that enable them to attach to the gut, modulate metabolism, and outcompete other species. However, the host also releases factors, such as secretory IgA, antimicrobial factors, hormones, and mucins, which can prevent or regulate bacterial interactions with the gut or disable the bacterium. The delicate balance between these competing host and bacteria factors dictates whether a bacterium can colonize, proliferate or function in the intestine. Impaired functioning of NOD2 in Paneth cells and disrupted colonic mucus production are exacerbating features of CD and UC, respectively, that contribute to dysbiosis. This review evaluates the roles of these and other the host, bacterial and environmental factors in inflammatory bowel diseases.

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“…Ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD) are the most common IBDs. 1 In UC, the inflammation is localized mainly in the colon and the rectum, while in CD every part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected. Their incidences have been increasing over the last years in Europe and in other Westernized Countries, to approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic response of inflammatory stimulated intestinal epithelial cells to in vitro digested plums and cabbages rich in carotenoids and polyphenols

et al. 2016

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Due to their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, polyphenol and carotenoid-rich plant foods have been suggested as promising phytochemicals in the prevention of or as adjuvants regarding inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In the present study, we investigated whether plum (Italian Plum, Prunus cocomilla), or cabbage (Kale, Brassica oleracea var. sabellica), selected for their high phytochemical content, are able to reduce inflammation in cellular models of the intestinal epithelium, employing proteomic methods. For this purpose, plum/cabbage (carotenoid content: 1.9 mg per 100 g resp. 13 mg per 100 g; polyphenol content: 83 mg per 100 g resp. 27 mg per 100 g) were gastro-intestinally digested, and aliquots exposed (18 h) to either a monoculture (Caco-2) or a triple culture (Caco-2/HT-29-MTX (90 : 10, v/v) with THP-1 like macrophages), stimulated (with LPS, TNF-α, and IL-1β) to induce inflammation. Cells (Caco-2, Caco-2/HT-29-MTX, and THP-1) were then harvested separately, and proteomic analyses of total cell extracts were carried out by 2D-DIGE. In the monoculture, 68 protein-spots were significantly (p < 0.05, expression ratio >1.5) differentially regulated due to the Kale and Italian plum digesta, and in the co-culture 206 protein-spots, compared to digesta without plum/cabbage. These belonged to 27 (monoculture) and 76 (coculture) uniquely identified proteins, suggesting the coculture to be a more sensitive model. Proteins included antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferases. Only 3 proteins were differentially regulated in the THP-1 cells, perhaps as these were only indirectly exposed. The results show promise regarding some aspects related to IBD complications, however, employing phytochemical-rich food items should be further investigated in in vivo trials.

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What is known about the mechanisms of dietary influences in Crohn's disease?

Cited by 6 publications

References 85 publications

Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Potential Benefits of Dietary Fibre Intervention in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Host-Microbial-Environmental Interactions in Dysbiosis

Proteomic response of inflammatory stimulated intestinal epithelial cells to in vitro digested plums and cabbages rich in carotenoids and polyphenols

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