What Is New in Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis. An Overview

Dore, Maria Pina

doi:10.3390/jcm10102091

Cited by 55 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…The PCR technique is being developed to investigate the presence of microorganism directly from the clinical samples. Compared with conventional PCR, real-time PCR has several advantages, such as short working time, high specificity and low risk of contamination [ 8 , 35 ]. Quantitative results from real-time PCR in our study showed that the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 100% respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study

2021

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There is still no agreement on the gold standard technique for diagnosing of H. Pylori in Iraq, as well as a paucity of data on the validity of different diagnostic techniques. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of this bacterium with different methods and compare them to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) as a golden standard technique among Iraqi patients. In total, 115 Iraqi patients strongly suspected of H. pylori infection were enrolled in the current study. Invasive techniques including rapid urease testing (RUT) and gastric tissue culture in addition to non-invasive techniques including 14C-Urea breath test (14C-UBT), stool antigen test (SAT), CagA-IgG serology, and qPCR were performed to confirm the H. pylori infection. The qPCR was used as the gold standard to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for the studied diagnostic tests. Overall, the prevalence rate of H. pylori in Iraqi patients was ranged from 47.8 to 70.4% using different methods. The positive results for each test were as follows: qPCR 81, (70.4%) UBT 79 (68.7%), SAT 77 (67%), RUT 76 (66.1%), Cag-IgG 61 (53%), and culture 55 (47.8%). The 14C-UBT showed the highest overall performance with 97.5% sensitivity, 97% specificity, and total accuracy of 97.3% followed by SAT, RUT, Cag-IgG, and culture method. Based on the accuracy of the studied methods for H. pylori detection, they can be arranged in order as follows: qPCR > UBT > SAT > RUT> CagA IgG > culture. Since a universal gold standard assay for the diagnosis of H. pylori has not yet been established in Iraq, the UBT may be recommended as first choice due to its higher performance compared to other methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study

2021

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“…Patients with achlorhydria, recent gastroduodenal hemorrhage, or usage of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics, H2-receptor antagonists, bismuth-containing substance, or severe atrophy and intestinal metaplasia are at risk of false-negative results [ 54 ]. To reduce false-negative results, it is recommended that these medicines be avoided before RUT (two weeks for PPIs and 4 weeks for antibiotics).…”

Section: Current Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current practice, when there is a clear indication for digestive endoscopy, without contraindications for taking biopsies, the rapid urease test has the first-line indication to testing for diagnosis. To maximize the sensitivity of RUTs, the current recommendation recommends obtaining at least two biopsy specimens from the stomach body and the antrum if gastroscopy is conducted [ 54 , 55 ]. In a study conducted by Lee and colleagues in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding, the sensitivity of RUT was raised by increasing the number of biopsies taken from both the antrum and the corpus [ 56 ].…”

Section: Current Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H. pylori has been detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a number of clinical samples, including gastric biopsies, gastric juice, saliva, dental plaque, and feces, as well as environmental samples. The most common DNA of H. pylori target is 16S rDNA and ureC, N87I mutation in the gyrA, cagA and its EPIYA phosphorylation motifs, ureC gene, A2142C, A2142G and A2143G mutations, 16S rDNA, 23S ribosomal RNA and H. pylori , and CLA resistance mutations [ 54 , 62 , 63 ]. Current guidelines recommend testing for clarithromycin sensitivity by phenotypic and molecular methods for the management of H. pylori infections.…”

Section: Current Diagnostic Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infections: From Traditional Tests to High Technology, Advanced Sensitivity and Discrimination Tools

et al. 2022

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Rapid diagnosis and treatment application in the early stages of H. pylori infection plays an important part in inhibiting the transmission of this infection as this bacterium is involved in various gastric pathologies such as gastritis, gastro-duodenal ulcer, and even gastric neoplasia. This review is devoted to a quick overview of conventional and advanced detection techniques successfully applied to the detection of H. pylori in the context of a compelling need to upgrade the standards of the diagnostic methods which are currently being used. Selecting the best diagnostic method implies evaluating different features, the use of one or another test depending on accessibility, laboratories equipment, and the clinical conditions of patients. This paper aims to expose the diagnosis methods for H. pylori that are currently available, highlighting their assets and limitations. The perspectives and the advantages of nanotechnology along with the concept of nano(bio)sensors and the development of lab-on-chip devices as advanced tools for H. pylori detection, differentiation, and discrimination is also presented, by emphasizing multiple advantages: simple, fast, cost-effective, portable, miniaturized, small volume of samples required, highly sensitive, and selective. It is generally accepted that the development of intelligent sensors will completely revolutionize the acquisition procedure and medical decision in the framework of smart healthcare monitoring systems.

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“…[5,6] There are several experimented molecular-based diagnostic kits for detection of H pylori and its antibiotic resistance The molecular test have several advantages to conventional culture and culture-based antibiotic susceptibility tests. [7] GenoTypeHelicoDR (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany) is a rapid molecular test for simultaneous detection of H pylori and its resistance to clarithromycin and quinolone based on DNA strip technology. Test including multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification with subsequent reverse hybridization step.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in patient with dyspepsia

et al. 2022

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The aim of this study was to determine the resistance status and to identify the point mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones among dyspeptic patients in Manisa, Turkey. The study included a sample of 140 patients with an indication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy randomly selected from 2100 dyspeptic patients attending to the Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit at Manisa Celal Bayar University Hafsa Sultan Hospital between April 2016 and May 2018. A commercially available GenoType Helico DR test was used to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori and mutations associated with resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in biopsy specimens. In total, 116 (82.9%) of 140 biopsies obtained from the same number of dyspeptic patients were positive for H pylori and 82 (approximately 71%) of them harbored resistance mutations in 23SrRNA and/or gyrA. Resistance to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, or both were detected in 43.1% (50/116), 27.6% (32/116), and 16/116 (13.8%) of tested biopsies, respectively. The most common mutation conferring resistance to clarithromycin was A2147G (96%, 48/50). Resistance to fluoroquinolones was frequently due to mutation in codon 91 and the most common mutation detected was D91G (34.4%). Heteroresistance patterns were observed in 48.0% (24/50) of clarithromycin-resistant samples and 28.1% (9/32) of levofloxacin-resistant samples. The resistance rates and detected mutations in this study are in line with the country data. However, to achieve better H pylori eradication and to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant strains in Turkey, the molecular-based susceptibility tests should be considered routinely. Further studies are needed to determine the various mutations among resistant strains.

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What Is New in Helicobacter pylori Diagnosis. An Overview

Cited by 55 publications

References 120 publications

Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study

Detection of Helicobacter Pylori infection by invasive and non-invasive techniques in patients with gastrointestinal diseases from Iraq: A validation study

Evolution of Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter pylori Infections: From Traditional Tests to High Technology, Advanced Sensitivity and Discrimination Tools

Recent trends in the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in patient with dyspepsia

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