What is required for resource-circular CO2 utilization within Mega-Methanol (MM) production?

CO2 utilization for methanol production; Optimal pathways with minimum GHG reduction cost

“…Natural gas, $/GJ 3.7 [35] Methanol, $/tonne 609 [36] Electricity $13.2 per kilowatt of billing demand plus 2.7 cents per kWh [37] Labour wage, $/h 26.3 [38] Methanol catalyst, $/kg 117.1 [32,39] Cooling water, $/tonne 0.03 [32,39] Process water, $/tonne 1.23 [32,39] Wastewater disposal, $/tonne 0.492 [32,39] Oxygen, $/tonne 66.69 [32,39] CAPEX assumptions [40,41] Delivery OPEX assumptions [40,41] Number of operators per shift 12 (based on 6 process units [42] ) Number of shifts 5 [42] Supervision and engineering 22% of labour wages Plant overhead 7.1% of TWSE (1) Operating supplies and services 6% of labour wages Mechanical department services evaluated (Sections 3.1 and 3.2). Using the CAPEX and OPEX estimation results, the minimum selling price of methanol to achieve a profitable plant is estimated using the NPV calculations (Section 3.3).…”

“…Among different possible products yielded by CO 2 conversion, methanol has emerged as a promising solution due to its growing applications and global demand. [1] Methanol is one of the few chemicals that uses CO 2 as a reactant in its conventional production process. [2,3] Moreover, there is a wide range of chemicals and other products, such as olefins [4][5][6] and gasoline, [7,8] that can be made from methanol.…”

Powering the sustainable transition with geothermal energy: A case study on Dominica

“…Renewable MeOH production through CO2 hydrogenation was designed using Aspen Plus V10 in accordance with past studies by some of us [62][63][64] (Figure 3). Given the lack of major industrial activity in Dominica, CO2 was supplied DAC [65].…”

Resource efficiency as a guide to clean and affordable energy: A case study on Trinidad and Tobago

“…Incoming CO2 and H2 were fed to the reactor at 5 bar and 120 o C in a molar ratio of 1:H2 production was modelled using PEM electrolysis as previously stated (Section 2.2.3.1). The methanator was designed similarly to methanol conversion reactors based on the previous work by some of us(Narine et al, 2021;Mahabir et al, 2021a).The exothermic heat of reaction was used to produce medium pressure steam at 48 bars, which was utilized to produce power (15.96 MW) fed to the national grid as well as to preheat the feedstock to the reaction temperature of 230 o C. The effluent water produced was separated at 40 o C using cooling water, and recycled to the electrolyser as feedstock. The total SNG and O2 production, and CO2 and water consumption were 408.44, 1558.17, 1071.24 and 2648.31 tonne/day respectively.…”

“…For all cases, inputs include: natural gas, process water, CO2 and energy in the form of heat from CC and electricity supplied from RE linked to solar and wind. Environmental impacts consolidated through commissioning as well as fugitive emissions were neglected as these source emissions constitute negligible impacts as compared to supply chain and process-based burdens(Narine et al, 2021;Mahabir et al, 2021a).…”