What Is Science in Anthropology?

Peregrine, Peter N.; Moses, Yolanda T.; Goodman, Alan H.; Lamphere, Louise; Peacock, James

doi:10.1111/j.1548-1433.2012.01510.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our emphasis on realism for social entities is also relevant to anthropology. We might first focus on the social science perspective to anthropology rather than the humanities perspective [18] (cf., [20]). Thus, we might emphasize archaeology and physical anthropology.…”

Section: Explanations and Social Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Foundry of Human Activities and Infrastructures

Allen

Yang

Timakum

2017

Digital Libraries: Data, Information, and Knowledge for Digital Lives

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Direct representation knowledgebases can enhance and even provide an alternative to document-centered digital libraries. Here we consider realist semantic modeling of everyday activities and infrastructures in such knowledgebases. Because we want to integrate a wide variety of topics, a collection of ontologies (a foundry) and a range of other knowledge resources are needed. We first consider modeling the routine procedures that support human activities and technologies. Next, we examine the interactions of technologies with aspects of social organization. Then, we consider approaches and issues for developing and validating explanations of the relationships among various entities.In [1] and related studies we explored indexing digitized historical newspapers. It was difficult to index the articles for retrieval or, even, to unambiguously identify what text should be treated as an article. Thus, we proposed the development of knowledge-rich "community models" to improve retrieval. Many aspects of infrastructure associated with everyday activities and infrastructure generally can be described with such community models. Such models would cover both tangible and intangible cultural heritage such as pottery, clothing, dance, and religious traditions.This work is parallel to a proposal we have made for direct representation of scientific research results [4]. However, there are additional challenges for descriptions of culture and history because of the lack of consensus about the definitions for social entities and because there are disagreements about the details of cultures and histories. Nonetheless, as information scientists, we believe that it is useful to develop frameworks for articulating and exploring the possibilities. Ultimately such frameworks should support tools both for the public and for scholars.

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Section: Explanations and Social Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

A Foundry of Human Activities and Infrastructures

Allen

Yang

Timakum

2017

Digital Libraries: Data, Information, and Knowledge for Digital Lives

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“…There are several ways of constructing definitions: propose a definition philosophically or for use in one's own research or writing (eg. Agutter & Wheatley, 2008;Arseculeratne, 2009;Peregrine, Moses, Goodman, Lamphere, & Peacock, 2012;Quinn, 2009;Siepmann, 1999); form a consensus from a literature review (Darling-Hammond & Youngs, 2002;Epstein & Hundert, 2002;Eto, 2008); build a definition empirically through quantitative surveys (Harlow, 1976); generate a definition based on use in the case of device-driven technology (Steuer, 1992); or use a Delphi technique (Osborne, Collins, Ratcliffe, Millar, & Duschl, 2003). Yet there are limitations to each of those methods for forming a definition upon which multiple stakeholders agree, by, for example, focusing on tasks or effects rather than fundamental purposes (Gordon, 1997;Hutton, 1999) or focusing on providing examples or stereotypes (Putnam, 1996).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

When Defining Agriculture and Science, Explicit is not a Bad Word

Stofer¹,

Newberry²

2017

JAE

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Agriscience is an emerging field at the intersection of recently separate fields of agriculture and science. For meaningful communication with and engagement of public audiences around agriscience, researchers, educators, and the public must have a consensus definition. We used personal meaning mapping to collect public audience understandings of the individual terms agriculture and science to find spontaneous overlap. We qualitatively coded them and compared them to each other. Very few participants explicitly included "agriculture" on science maps and vice versa. However, many maps included terms that related to the other topic; for example, on agriculture maps, many participants included "biology." Agriculture maps used more terms related to tangible products, while science maps contained more terms related to intangible results and specific disciplinary areas. We found some overlap of categories with both sets of standards but in differing amounts, reflecting the career emphasis of agricultural programs. The lack of consensus definitions of agriculture and science confound our efforts to support both public engagement with agriscience and literacy efforts in both science education and agricultural education. This research could form the basis for larger, broader quantitative public surveys and comparisons across geographic areas.

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“…Within a short time, the AAA board altered its position and unanimously passed a resolution requesting that science be reinstated into the organization's Long Range Plan (Lancaster and Hames 2011). The AAA has further addressed this issue (Peregrine et al 2012) with considered responses from several notable anthropologists. The bottom line is that multiple approaches inform about the present and the past, and ultimately contribute to understanding the human condition (Harrison-Buck 2014).…”

Section: Human Adaptation and Mesoamerican Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%