“…Various factors, such as better access to higher education, the growth of distance learning, social expectations regarding degrees for stable employment and competitive job markets (Kenny & Fluck 2022;United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, 2020) have contributed to the rise in university student enrolments over the last few decades. Over a similar period, academic staff have also reported increased workloads, particularly in respect to administrative tasks (Allen, 2019;Allen et al, 2020;Allen et al, 2021). Some academic institutions have been criticised for operating under a businessoriented model, prioritising profitability over education (Pucciarelli & Kaplan, 2016;Spinrad et al, 2022); however, there are several changes that may also contribute to increased workloads.…”