What is the connection between true and false memories? The differential roles of interitem associations in recall and recognition.

McEvoy, Cathy L.; Nelson, Douglas L.; Komatsu, Takako

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.25.5.1177

Cited by 131 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…As the results of regression analyses have shown (Roediger, Watson, McDermott, & Gallo, 2001), this variation in false-recall level is largely due to differences in the associative strength between the lists' critical item and the noncritical ones. In fact, the degree to which the noncritical items evoke associations to the critical item nicely predicts false recall (see also McEvoy, Nelson, & Komatsu, 1999). Following these results, high false-recall levels indicate a higher degree of interconnections between the noncritical items and the critical one, and low false-recall levels indicate a lower degree.…”

Section: Drm Item Listsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing in associatively structured lists

Bäuml

Kuhbandner

2003

Memory & Cognition

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Using DRM lists (Roediger & McDermott, 1995) in two experiments, we compared the effects of retrieval practice on a subset of the items and of the presentation of those items as retrieval cues at test on recall of the lists' critical items. In Experiment 1, the critical items were part of the studied lists, thus addressing these items' veridical recall; in Experiment 2, they were not studied, thus addressing these items' false recall. Three major results emerged. First, retrieval practice and part-list cuing reduced both veridical and false recall. Second, the two manipulations induced an integration effect in veridical recall, with substantial forgetting in lists with low false recall levels and no forgetting in lists with high false recall levels. Third, retrieval practice and part-list cuing created the same effects on recall, qualitativelyand quantitatively.These results suggest that the detrimental effects of retrieval practice and part-list cuing were mediated by similar mechanisms. They are consistent with the view that not only retrieval-induced forgetting, but also part-list cuing is caused by inhibitory processes.

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Section: Drm Item Listsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing in associatively structured lists

Bäuml

Kuhbandner

2003

Memory & Cognition

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“…Eleven 9-word lists were taken from Stadler and colleagues (Stadler et al 1999) when lists conformed to the specifications made by McEvoy and colleagues (McEvoy et al 1999) deemed necessary for stem completion tests. In order to investigate false memories under implicit stem completion instructions, critical items had to adhere to the specifications outlined by Graf and Schacter, (Graf and Schacter 1985), which had been followed by other researchers using the DRM paradigm (McKone and Murphy 2000).…”

Section: Encodingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of alcohol and repetition at encoding on implicit and explicit false memories

2006

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Article (Unspecified) http://sro.sussex.ac.uk Garfinkel, S.N., Dienes, Zoltán and Duka, Theodora (2006) The effect of alcohol and repetition at encoding on implicit and explicit false memories. Psychopharmacology, 188 (4). pp. [498][499][500][501][502][503][504][505][506][507][508] This version is available from Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/13733/ This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies and may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the URL above for details on accessing the published version. Copyright and reuse:Sussex Research Online is a digital repository of the research output of the University.Copyright and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable, the material made available in SRO has been checked for eligibility before being made available.Copies of full text items generally can be reproduced, displayed or performed and given to third parties in any format or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way.

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“…However, subsequent research suggested that BAS (the associative strength from the studied items to the critical words) is the best predictor of false memories (e.g., Deese, 1959;Howe, Wimmer, & Blease, 2009;McEvoy et al, 1999;Robinson & Roediger, 1997;Roediger, Balota, & Watson, 2001). Consequently, in a recent DRM false-memory normative study conducted by Beato and Díez (2011), lists were constructed using BAS values, in line with other researchers who have pointed out the importance of employing BAS lists (e.g., Carneiro, Ramos, Costa, Garcia-Marques, & Albuquerque, 2011).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…With this procedure, researchers establish a cue-target relationship and calculate the proportion of participants who elicit a determined target in response to a particular cue. This proportion is considered to be an index of the associative strength between the two words (McEvoy, Nelson, & Komatsu, 1999). In the DRM paradigm, two types of lists are generally constructed with free association norms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Normative study of theme identifiability: Instructions with and without explanation of the false memory effect

Beato

Cadavid

2015

Behav Res

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False-memory illusions have been widely studied using the Deese/Roediger-McDermott paradigm (DRM). In this paradigm, words semantically related to a single nonpresented critical word are studied. In a later memory test, critical words are often falsely recalled and recognized. The present normative study was conducted to measure the theme identifiability of 60 associative word lists in Spanish that include six words (e.g., stove, coat, blanket, scarf, chill, and bonnet) that are simultaneously associated with three critical words (e.g., HEAT, COLD, and WINTER; Beato & Díez, Psicothema, 26, 457-463, 2011). Different levels of backward associative strength were used in the construction of the DRM lists. In addition, we used two types of instructions to obtain theme identifiability. In the without-explanation condition, traditional instructions were used, requesting participants to write the theme list. In the with-explanation condition, the false-memory effect and how the lists were built were explained, and an example of a DRM list and critical words was shown. Participants then had to discover the critical words. The results showed that all lists produced theme identifiability. Moreover, some lists had a higher theme identifiability rate (e.g., 61 % for the critical words LOVE, BOYFRIEND, COUPLE) than others (e.g., 24 % for CITY, PLACE, VILLAGE). After comparing the theme identifiabilities in the different conditions, the results indicated higher theme identifiability when the false-memory effect was explained than without such an explanation. Overall, these new normative data provide a useful tool for those experiments that, for example, aim to analyze the wide differences observed in false memory with DRM lists and the role of theme identifiability.

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What is the connection between true and false memories? The differential roles of interitem associations in recall and recognition.

Cited by 131 publications

References 27 publications

Retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing in associatively structured lists

Retrieval-induced forgetting and part-list cuing in associatively structured lists

The effect of alcohol and repetition at encoding on implicit and explicit false memories

Normative study of theme identifiability: Instructions with and without explanation of the false memory effect

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