What is the effect of a Mediterranean compared with a Fast Food meal on the exercise induced adipokine changes? A randomized cross-over clinical trial

Abstract

Background Adipose tissue-derived adipokines are pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in metabolic-related diseases and can be influenced by diet and exercise. We aimed to compare the effect of a Mediterranean (MdM) compared with Fast Food (FFM) meal on the exercise induced adipokines changes. Methods In a double blinded cross over trial, 46 participants were randomly assigned to one of two standardized iso-energy pre-exercise meals: FFM or MdM-type. Three hours after each meal, participants completed a treadmill exercise test (EC). Serum adiponectin, resistin, PAI-1, lipocalin-2/NGAL and adipsin were determined by Luminex magnetic bead immunoassay. Wilcoxon signed rank test compared changes before/after meal and before/after EC and a linear mixed model evaluated the effect of meals on the adipokine response to exercise, adjusted for confounders. Results Thirty-nine participants (mean age of 25, with a standard deviation of 5 years) completed the trial (56% females). For both interventions, a significant reduction of adipsin after each meal and a significant increase of lipocalin, PAI-1, adipsin and resistin, after exercise was observed. When exercise was preceded by a MdM meal a higher increase in adipsin levels was seen. Conclusion Acute exercise induced an increase of circulatory levels of adipsin, resistin, lipocalin and PAI-1, but not adiponectin. A pre-exercise Mediterranean meal potentiated the increase of adipsin after the exercise test, which possibly relates to the immune regulatory role of adipsin. These changes suggest a cross-talk between the immune and metabolic immediate response to exercise and its modulation by the pre-exercise diet composition.

Higher Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Improved Insulin Sensitivity and Selected Markers of Inflammation in Individuals Who Are Overweight and Obese without Diabetes

“…Mice lacking adipsin exhibit worsened glucose homeostasis in states of metabolic stress caused by diet-induced obesity and previous reports demonstrate the dysregulation of adipsin in models of obesity and diabetes [ 50 , 51 ]. In the present study, participants who achieved a greater MDS, presented with higher adipsin, which is consistent with the single previous study in this area [ 52 ], where adipsin was increased in response to both exercise and a MedDiet intervention in adults with no underlying medical conditions. In contrast, fast foods with high saturated or total fat content have been shown to reduce adipsin concentrations [ 52 , 53 ], establishing adipsin as a potentially important link between diet and obesity/energy homeostasis, systemic metabolism and immunoregulation.…”

The Influence of Obesity in the Autonomic Nervous System Activity in School-Aged Children in Northern Portugal: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…The authors suggested that fast food meals may cause dysfunction of adipokines, increasing insulin secretion and, consequently, the activity of the SNS. 49 Importantly, there is evidence showing that a dysfunction in the ANS may be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. 9 Guarino et al 9 reported a connection between the ANS and the GI system that keeps a balanced energy homeostasis.…”

Neuroplastic Effect of Exercise Through Astrocytes Activation and Cellular Crosstalk

“…In fact, a series of experiments show that astrocytes in the hippocampus interact with microglia by secreting LCN2 in the rodent brains [ 66 ]. According to previous studies, physical exercise upregulates ORM level [ 103 , 104 ] and LCN2 [ 105 , 106 ]. Improving neuroplasticity and behaviors are found in lipocalin 2-null mice after exercise [ 107 ]; these findings note a potential effect of exercise on neuroplasticity by ORM2 or LCN2 from the astrocyte-microglia interaction ( Fig.…”