What Is the Evidence of a Causal Relationship between Dieting, Obesity, and Eating Disorders in Youth?

Raynor, Hollie A.; Maier, Deborah; Dietz, Katherine B.; Kieras, Marie A.

doi:10.1016/j.jada.2006.07.030

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some evidence suggests that these deviations are interrelated to obesity [1]. Therefore, the public impact of obesity epidemics must be judged not only on the basis of obesity-related complications [2,3] but on the increased vulnerability to undernutrition due to restricted food intake caused by less than optimal dietary behaviors [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Rashidi

Mohammadpour-Ahranjani

Karandish

et al. 2007

Open Medicine

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AbstractWe examined the association between overweight/gender and skipping breakfast among adolescent students in Tehran city using a cross-sectional study and a multistage random sampling method. All educational zones in Tehran city were covered during the educational year of 2000–01. In total, 2321 students aged 11–16 years (1068 male; 1263 female) participated in the study. Weight and height were measured and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated. Overweight, pre-obesity and obesity were defined as BMI ≥ 85th, 85th to 95th, and ≥ 95th percentile of age-sex-specific BMI reference values, respectively. Self-reported frequency of breakfast consumption was categorized as usual/always, often, and rarely/never (5–7, 2–4 and 0–1 times/wk, respectively). Student’s t and Chi-square tests were employed to analyze the data. Statistical inferences were made at α = 0.05. In boys and girls, the mean ± standard deviation of BMI was 19.8 ± 4.0 and 20.6 ± 4.1 kg/m2, the 18.8% and 23.1% were overweight, and 7.3% and 8.3% were obese, respectively. There was a significant difference in the frequency of breakfast consumption between obese and normal male students (P < 0.001). Differences between pre-obese and normal, and obese and normal female students were also significant (P < 0.002 and P < 0.001, respectively). A significant difference was found in the frequency of breakfast consumption between male and female adolescents in all three categories (P < 0.001). These results suggest that obese and female adolescents are more likely to skip breakfast than their normal and male peers and are therefore at higher risk for growth deficits and low educational performance. Preventive/educational programs are urgently needed in this age group.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Rashidi

Mohammadpour-Ahranjani

Karandish

et al. 2007

Open Medicine

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“…Despite these limitations, the implications of the current study are important. Consistent with findings from previous randomized trials (Butryn & Wadden, 2005;Raynor et al, 2006), weightcontrol intervention does not appear to increase binge eating symptoms in adolescents. The consistency of the overall findings across Studies 1 and 2 highlights this message, even in the context of an intervention that directly targets monitoring of calorie and fat content.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Similarly, in a large sample of adolescents, dieting behaviors increased the likelihood of binge eating and weight gain five years later for boys and girls, as well as extreme weight control behaviors for girls (Neumark-Sztainer et al, 2006). Although prospective studies have documented a relationship between dieting and binge eating, findings from randomized weight control trials that include caloric reduction and behavioral intervention do not support such an association, and suggest a potentially positive effect of treatment on eating disorder symptoms (Raynor, Maier, Dietz, & Kieras, 2006). Furthermore, a randomized trial to directly evaluate the impact of calorie restriction on eating disorder behaviors documented a decrease in bulimic symptoms, as measured by the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE), among non-obese women assigned to a low calorie diet (Presnell & Stice, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of behavioral weight control intervention on binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents

Mehlenbeck¹,

Jelalian²,

Lloyd-Richardson³

et al. 2009

Psychology in the Schools

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This study examined change in binge eating symptoms reported by moderately overweight adolescents following participation in a behavioral weight control intervention. A total of 194 adolescents across two randomized controlled trials participated. Adolescents in both study samples endorsed a mild level of binge eating symptoms at baseline. Results from both Study 1 and Study 2 indicate a significant reduction in binge eating symptoms following participation in a 16-week weight control intervention, F(1,60) = 9.43, p<.01 and F(1,98) = 20.98, p<.01, respectively. Several significant relationships between measures of self-concept and binge eating symptoms were noted, with lower self-concept scores related to higher binge eating symptoms scores at baseline. Changes in binge eating symptoms were also related to changes in physical appearance self-concept, global self-concept and physical self-worth at the end of the intervention. In conclusion, findings from this study support an emerging body of evidence suggesting that dietary restriction, as practiced through participation in a weight control intervention, leads to a reduction in binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents.

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“…First, they suggest that it is particularly important to educate adolescents about effective weight-control strategies. This conclusion has been highlighted by Raynor and colleagues 8 who stated that, "randomized trials testing family-based, behavioral modification interventions for pediatric obesity, which provide low-calorie dietary prescriptions emphasizing nutrient-dense food choices, greatly improve weight status and show a decrease or no change in eating pathology in children." Second, the evidence that youths practicing unhealthful weightcontrol behaviors are at higher risk for obesity and eating disorders implies that prevention and treatment interventions should also focus on the causes of these behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key to Unlocking the Virtual Body: Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Obesity and Eating Disorders

Riva

2011

J Diabetes Sci Technol

129

107

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Abbreviations: (CBT) cognitive behavioral therapy, (VR) virtual realityKeywords: body-image disturbances, eating disorders, experiential cognitive therapy, obesity, virtual reality AbstractObesity and eating disorders are usually considered unrelated problems with different causes. However, various studies identify unhealthful weight-control behaviors (fasting, vomiting, or laxative abuse), induced by a negative experience of the body, as the common antecedents of both obesity and eating disorders. But how might negative body image-common to most adolescents, not only to medical patients-be behind the development of obesity and eating disorders?In this paper, I review the "allocentric lock theory" of negative body image as the possible antecedent of both obesity and eating disorders.Evidence from psychology and neuroscience indicates that our bodily experience involves the integration of different sensory inputs within two different reference frames: egocentric (first-person experience) and allocentric (third-person experience). Even though functional relations between these two frames are usually limited, they influence each other during the interaction between long-and short-term memory processes in spatial cognition. If this process is impaired either through exogenous (e.g., stress) or endogenous causes, the egocentric sensory inputs are unable to update the contents of the stored allocentric representation of the body. In other words, these patients are locked in an allocentric (observer view) negative image of their body, which their sensory inputs are no longer able to update even after a demanding diet and a significant weight loss. This article discusses the possible role of virtual reality in addressing this problem within an integrated treatment approach based on the allocentric lock theory.

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What Is the Evidence of a Causal Relationship between Dieting, Obesity, and Eating Disorders in Youth?

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Obese and female adolescents skip breakfast more than their non-obese and male peers

Effects of behavioral weight control intervention on binge eating symptoms among overweight adolescents

The Key to Unlocking the Virtual Body: Virtual Reality in the Treatment of Obesity and Eating Disorders

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