What Is the Evidence to Support a Correlate of Protection for Measles? A Systematic Review

Bolotin, Shelly; Hughes, Stephanie L; Gul, Nazish; Khan, Sumaiya; Rota, Paul A.; Severini, Alberto; Hahné, Susan; Tricco, Andrea C.; Moss, William J.; Orenstein, Walter A.; Turner, Nikki; Dürrheim, David N; Heffernan, Jane M.; Crowcroft, Natasha S.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiz380

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…However, potential confounders, such as differences in exposure risk over time, must be considered carefully in this type of analysis. Any measured level or correlate of protection will be specific to the assay used in the studies, as was the case for measles (22). Even for measles, where a correlate of protection has been used consistently, a recent review found little evidence to support the threshold used, suggesting this threshold needs refinement (22).…”

Section: Analytical Methods To Infer Correlates Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiologic Study Designs for Determining SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Immunity

Clapham¹,

Hay²,

Routledge³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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S erologic studies are crucial for understanding current and future dynamics of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In the past few months, much discussion about serologic studies and key issues with their design and interpretation has occurred. In this article, we discuss the questions that could be answered with these studies at different points in the epidemic and summarize the features and issues regarding study design, implementation of studies during an ongoing epidemic, and interpretation of the results. Discussion on the use of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic studies has largely focused on 2 questions: first, what proportion of a population has been infected?; and second, what proportion of a population is immune to disease or infection? First, for infections that elicit detectable antibody responses, serologic studies can detect past infection regardless of clinical symptoms. This capability is useful for understanding the extent of past transmission (Figure 1, panel A). By linking this information with data on symptomatic cases, severe disease, and death in the same population, these studies can provide information on asymptomatic proportion, and the ratio of infections to severe cases and deaths (i.e., infection fatality ratio). Such data are also useful for calibrating mathematical models. Second, if measured antibody responses correlate with protection, serologic studies can be used to measure the proportion of the population that is immune. This information can be used to guide control policies, help identify populations that are still susceptible to epidemics, target treatment or vaccination trials, and target vaccination when available. Although much discussion around use of serologic testing to inform persons of their serologic status has occurred, crucial distinctions exist between the use of serologic information to estimate population-level versus personlevel immunity. Person-level immunity information

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Section: Analytical Methods To Infer Correlates Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroepidemiologic Study Designs for Determining SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Immunity

Clapham¹,

Hay²,

Routledge³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…because pre-outbreak serum samples were available for investigation (examples in [25][26][27]). Such samples may be available when surveillance is being performed for increased risk of infections in occupational settings, such as in a health-care setting, refugee workers or for the military service.…”

Section: Article Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases

Hartog

Binnendijk

Buisman

et al. 2020

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Immunesurveillance is an important tool to monitor the protection of the population against vaccine-preventable diseases, which is currently mostly based on the detection of specific serum antibodies. However, the landscape of immune surveillance is changing, driven by emerging and evolving pathogens, changes in the age distribution of the population and scientific understanding of protective immunity, necessitating a comprehensive review. Areas covered: To anticipate these changes, reliable and high-throughput detection of antibody levels is desired to enable screening in larger population settings. Antibody levels alone do not always equate with protection and may require additional functional testing of the antibodies or immune cell-based assays. In addition, the location (systemic or locally mucosal) of the infection and whether the antibodies are induced through infection or vaccination have implications for both immune protection and assessing immune status. Expert commentary: In order to perform multicenter studies on many samples for multiple antigens, more validated reference materials and wider adoption of high-throughput techniques are needed. The field of serosurveillance will also benefit from better correlates of protection and understanding of (local) mechanisms of protection. Here we give an overview of the current state-of-the-art of serosurveillance and how the field could move forward. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…Nach überstandener Krankheit besteht lebenslange Immunität. Ein Masern-Serum-Titer von 120-300 mIU/mL gilt bei Experten häufig als Korrelat für Protektion vor Masern [3].…”

Section: Update 2020unclassified

Was wir über die Masernimpfung wissen sollten

Schuster¹

2020

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMasern sind eine hochansteckende Infektionskrankheit mit einem hohen Risiko für akute und chronische Komplikationen. Die zweimalige Masern-Lebendimpfung bietet einen Schutz von bis zu 99 % und könnte – sofern konsequent durchgeführt – letztlich zu einer Masernelimination führen: In Deutschland liegen die Durchimpfungsquoten immer noch deutlich unter 95 %. Als Folge finden sich jährliche Masernausbrüche. Aus diesem Grund wird 2020 in Deutschland eine Masern-Impfpflicht eingeführt, die nicht nur Kinder, sondern auch Erwachsene betrifft, die im Gesundheitsdienst, in Gemeinschaftseinrichtungen (z. B. Kindergarten) oder in der Betreuung von Personen mit stark geschwächtem Immunsystem arbeiten. Die Nebenwirkungen der Masern-Lebendimpfung sind insgesamt sehr selten, können aber in wenigen Einzelfällen gravierend sein. Seltene schwere Impfkomplikationen (Enzephalitis) können u. a. bei Kindern mit Störungen der angeborenen antiviralen Immunität (Interferon-Signal-System) sowie bei schweren zellulären Immundefekten (SCID) auftreten. Säuglinge von Masern-geimpften Müttern haben niedrigere maternale anti-Masern-Antikörper als Säuglinge von Müttern, die Wildmasern durchgemacht haben. Erstere haben dadurch einen geringeren Schutz vor Wildmasern im ersten Lebensjahr.

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What Is the Evidence to Support a Correlate of Protection for Measles? A Systematic Review

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Seroepidemiologic Study Designs for Determining SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Immunity

Seroepidemiologic Study Designs for Determining SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Immunity

Immune surveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases

Was wir über die Masernimpfung wissen sollten

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