What is the future of disk drives, death or rebirth?

Abstract

________________________________________________________________________Disk drives have experienced dramatic development to meet the performance requirements, since the IBM 1301 disk drive was announced in 1961. However, the performance gap between memory and disk drives has widened to 6 orders of magnitude and continues to widen by about 50% per year. Furthermore, energy efficiency has become one of the most important challenges in designing disk drive storage systems. The architectural design of disk drives has reached a turning point which should allow their performance to advance further, while still maintaining high reliability and energy efficiency. This paper explains how disk drives have evolved over five decades to meet challenging customer demands. First of all, it briefly introduces the development of disk drives, and deconstructs disk performance and power consumption. Secondly, it describes the design constraints and challenges that traditional disk drives are facing. Thirdly, it presents some innovative disk drive architectures discussed in the community. Fourthly, it introduces some new storage media types and the impacts they have on the architecture of the traditional disk drives. Finally, it discusses two of the important evolutions of the disk drives: hybrid disk and solid state disk. The paper highlights the challenges and opportunities facing these storage devices, and explores how we can expect them to affect the storage systems.

Esext3 for Reducing the Effect of Harboring Bug in File System

“…Some scientist compared different types of storage to observe the performance that include the latency, input and output of disk and the performance of cache memory [7] [8]. The workstation file system for the Cedar programming environment was customized to get better and include robustness so performances become high.…”

Disk scheduling with shortest cumulative access time first algorithms

“…cumulative access time of a two-hop sequence (a (1) j1 , a (2) j1,j2 ) is defined as the sum of the access time from the current disk head to request a (1) j1 , and the access time required by the disk head to move from a (1) j1 to request a (2) j1,j2 . We then scan and sort the sequences in P 2 , so as to pickL 2 = min(L, L 1 L 2 ) of these sequences with the shortest cumulative access times, denoted by the set of sequences C 2 = {(a (1) j1 , a (2) j1,j2 )} of cardinalityL 2 .…”

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“…In this section, we briefly describe a power consumption model for disk drives based on the studies [5], [17] (see also the paper [2] for a survey of modeling techniques), and fix the model parameters that we used in our evaluations.…”