What is the Impact of 5G Towers on the Exposure over Children, Teenagers and Sensitive Buildings?

Chiaraviglio, Luca; Lodovisi, Chiara; Franci, Daniele; Grillo, Enrico; Pavoncello, Settimio; Aureli, Tommaso; Blefari-Melazzi, Nicola; Alouini, Mohamed-Slim

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2201.06944

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In [49,50], the auto-calibration performed by the hardware was deemed sufficient to provide accurate channel measurements, and in [51] the power measurement accuracy of the TSMA6 was externally verified, reporting no need for additional calibration. In [52] the authors compared the data on 5G antenna placement obtained from a war-driving campaign using the TSMA6 with databases of 5G antennas available at a regulatory entity database, reporting a good accuracy of the TSMA6.…”

Section: Measurement System and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Analysis of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation for 5G Mid-Band Operational Networks

et al. 2022

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The successful rollout of fifth-generation (5G) networks requires a full understanding of the behavior of the propagation channel, taking into account the signal formats and the frequencies standardized by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In the past, channel characterization for 5G has been addressed mainly based on the measurements performed on dedicated links in experimental setups. This paper presents a state-of-the-art contribution to the characterization of the outdoor-to-indoor radio channel in the 3.5 GHz band, based on experimental data for commercial, deployed 5G networks, collected during a large scale measurement campaign carried out in the city of Rome, Italy. The analysis presented in this work focuses on downlink, outdoor-to-indoor propagation for two operators adopting two different beamforming strategies, single wide-beam and multiple synchronization signal blocks (SSB) based beamforming; it is indeed the first contribution studying the impact of beamforming strategy in real 5G networks. The time and power-related channel characteristics, i.e., mean excess delay and Root Mean Square (RMS) delay spread, path loss, and K-factor are studied for the two operators in multiple measurement locations. The analysis of time and power-related parameters is supported and extended by a correlation analysis between each pair of parameters. The results show that beamforming strategy has a marked impact on propagation. A single wide-beam transmission leads, in fact, to lower RMS delay spread and lower mean excess delay compared to a multiple SSB-based transmission strategy. In addition, the single wide-beam transmission system is characterized by a smaller path loss and a higher K-factor, suggesting that the adoption of a multiple SSB-based transmission strategy may have a negative impact on downlink performance.

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Section: Measurement System and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Data-Driven Analysis of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation for 5G Mid-Band Operational Networks

et al. 2022

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“…The ever-increasing number of base transceivers in densely populated cities has increased concerns in societies around effects of RF radiation sources on human health [5]- [9]. To this reason, interest has become very crucial in studying the health effects resulting from direct and indirect exposure to radiation from the cellular base transceiver to mitigate these negative effects [10]- [12]. The radio frequency determinants established by the International Committee for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) are to ensure that exposure to radio frequencies is kept below the harmful level [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the spatial locations of the radio frequency radiations effects around mobile towers

Al-allaq

Dhaam

Al-Dujaili

et al. 2023

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">Nowadays, smart devices have become a major part of human life, and this need has led to an increase in the demand for these devices, prompting major telecommunications companies to compete with each other to acquire the bulk of this market. This competition led to a significant increase in the number of mobile towers, to expand the coverage area. Each communication tower has transmitters and receivers to connect subscribers within the mobile network and other networks. The receivers and transmitters of each mobile tower operate on radio frequency waves. These waves can cause harm to humans if the body tissues absorb the radiation resulting from these waves. Headache, discomfort, and some other diseases are among the effects resulting from the spatial proximity to the mobile towers. In this paper, a model based on geographic information systems (GIS) software is proposed for the purpose of discovering the area of exposure to radio frequency radiation. This model can assists mitigate the opportunities of exposure to these radiations, thus reducing its danger. Real data of the levels of electromagnetic pollution resulting from mobile towers were analyzed during this study and compared with international safety standards.</span>

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What is the Impact of 5G Towers on the Exposure over Children, Teenagers and Sensitive Buildings?

Cited by 2 publications

References 10 publications

Data-Driven Analysis of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation for 5G Mid-Band Operational Networks

Data-Driven Analysis of Outdoor-to-Indoor Propagation for 5G Mid-Band Operational Networks

Discovering the spatial locations of the radio frequency radiations effects around mobile towers

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