What is the impact of personal care products selection on greywater characteristics and reuse?

Kadewa, Wilfred; Knops, Geraldine; Pidou, Marc; Jeffrey, Paul; Jefferson, Bruce; Corre, K. S. Le

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141413

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…From the perspective of the impact of untreated discharges of greywater on aquatic habitats, the ecotoxicity of chemicals contained in personal care products should also be considered [ 43 ]. Ecological status based on macroinvertebrates can be evaluated by considering multiple pressures, including land use [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effect of improved sewage disposal rates on ecological status for aquatic organisms in Japan

Nakakubo,

Kawabata,

Ishikawa

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling the effect of improved sewage disposal rates on ecological status for aquatic organisms in Japan

Nakakubo,

Kawabata,

Ishikawa

et al. 2023

Heliyon

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“…However, the variations did not correlate with factors typically seen as affecting consumer choice such as brand, type (eco-friendly or not) or price. The authors concluded "it is not currently possible for consumers to actively manage the issue [of greywater quality] through choice" and stress that "products labelled as eco-friendly were not seen to be less polluting or indeed less toxic" (Kadewa et al, 2020).…”

Section: Personal Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking emerging contaminants to production and consumption practices

Johnson

Bell

2022

WIREs Water

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Emerging contaminants (ECs) associated with consumer products such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and plastics, are an issue of growing concern for water quality and human and environmental health. Growth in use of products associated with ECs is an outcome of growing populations, increased incomes and the emergence of new consumer products. Two examples are used illustrate the value of social science research in understanding patterns of consumption and sources of ECs, in order to identify potential interventions to reduce ECs in the environment-flushing inappropriate materials down the toilet, and antibiotic use in global livestock production. Antimicrobial resistance is a major policy driver to control the use of antibiotics in human healthcare and livestock production. Global antibiotic consumption increased 65% 2000-2015. Disposal of products, including unused pharmaceuticals and plastics, is influenced by regulation, consumer behavior, and infrastructure. This range of factors and trends demonstrates the complexity in understanding why ECs enter the aquatic environment and the extent that the issue can be tackled at the source rather than mitigated once in the environment.

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“…Depletion of freshwater resources is increasing gradually, emphasizing the need to conserve freshwater by reusing or recycling treated wastewater (Delhiraja & Philip, 2020; Noutsopoulos et al., 2018). Greywater (GW) is a type of wastewater that includes laundry, bathroom, washbasin, and kitchen excluding toilet wastewater (Kadewa et al., 2020; Shaikh & Ahammed, 2020). In particular, greywater treatment and its reuse have gained increased attention in the last few decades around the world (Shaikh & Ahammed, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical, chemical, and biological evaluation of domestic laundry greywater discharges to attract reclamation strategies and reuse applications in urban settings

Khapra,

Singh

2023

Environmental Quality Mgmt

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Due to increasing freshwater demand and limited availability of resources, conservation and recycling of greywater are getting attention worldwide. Greywater (GW) is considered a potential contender to different types of industrial wastewater in terms of recyclability, toxicity, and reusability. The reuse and treatment methodologies in the case of LGW mainly depend on parameters such as pH, Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), Chemical oxygen demand (COD), Total dissolved solids (TDS), Total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, ionic concentration, surfactants, and microbial growth. Available literature suggests that domestic as well as commercial laundries are major contributors to greywater around the globe. This paper presents the results of investigations conducted on the quantity and quality of greywater generated from domestic urban laundries. Various factors were observed that influence the quantity of generated LGW such as family size, type of washing (machine or manual), and composition of LGW influenced by the work profile of family members, etc. The average values of BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, turbidity, Chloride (Cl−), Sulphate (SO42−), Fluoride (F−), Nitrate (NO3−), and anionic surfactants as MBAS (methylene blue active substances) were observed as 265.73 mgL−1, 1754.67 mgL−1, 469.13 mgL−1, 1837.73 mgL−1, 281.8 NTU, 438.6 mgL−1, 87.93 mgL−1, 0.87 mgL−1, 6.83 mgL−1, and 16.45 mgL−1, respectively. The average concentration of Escherichia coli and total coliforms was observed to be 73.4 MPN/100 mL (most probable number per 100 mL) and 386.2 MPN/100 mL, respectively. The high values of selected parameters necessitate the planning of greywater treatment in urban locations for re‐utilization. This study also revealed that a huge amount of freshwater is being converted to greywater by domestic laundries that can be re‐utilized for non‐potable purposes after some treatment.

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What is the impact of personal care products selection on greywater characteristics and reuse?

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Modeling the effect of improved sewage disposal rates on ecological status for aquatic organisms in Japan

Modeling the effect of improved sewage disposal rates on ecological status for aquatic organisms in Japan

Linking emerging contaminants to production and consumption practices

Physical, chemical, and biological evaluation of domestic laundry greywater discharges to attract reclamation strategies and reuse applications in urban settings

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