What is the influence of anthropogenic impact on the population structure of Attalea speciosa Mart. ex Spreng. in the Brazilian Amazonian region?

Abstract

Attalea speciosa (babassu) is a native palm of the primary forest from Amazonian and Cerrado biomes, and has multiple economic and cultural uses. However, this palm can become dominant in open areas, with a long-term persistence in the community. The objective of this study was to compare the population structure and morphology of babassu in three habitat types characterizing forest succession: primary forest, pasture, and babaçual (babassu-dominated secondary forest). For this purpose, we monitored 6,333 individuals for three years at six life stages in 11 sites with 25 plots located in PA-Benfica, Itupiranga-Pará, Brazil. The morphological parameters showed differences between secondary environments (pasture and babaçual) and primary forests, suggesting that this species has a high capacity for phenotypic plasticity. The inverse J-shaped distribution was observed only in primary forests, with the density of all stages constant along the whole study, unlike pastures and babaçual areas. While the density of seedlings is highest in primary forests, stage 4 and 5 juveniles and adults are most numerous in babaçuals. Our results suggest that the higher dominance of A. speciosa in babaçual areas can be associated with the resilience of this species to anthropogenic disturbances.

Soil Chemical Quality in Integrated Production Systems with the Presence of Native and Exotic Tree Components in the Brazilian Eastern Amazon

“…Moreover, studies suggest that the babassu palm tree can modify the surrounding soil environment through the deposition of litter by changing SOM and nutrient concentrations, thereby creating conditions that favor the tree's dominance [39]. Thus, it is possible that the modulation of pH by babassu palm gives this species the ability to establish itself as having competitive advantages in an anthropically degraded environment [47]. Despite this, evidence about the mechanisms associated with the increase in soil pH in the system with the presence of babassu palm remains unknown, mainly because lime application in the CLFI-II system was similar to that of the CLFI-I and maize + Massai intercropping systems.…”