What is the maximum safe tourniquet time in elective upper limb surgery?

Ischaemia–reperfusion injury masquerading as an infected finger in a 12 month old

“…A case of ischaemic damage to a fingertip from the circumferential application of Sellotape in a child has previously been reported (Giddins, 1994). Most recommendations in the literature suggest that the duration of tourniquet inflation should not exceed around 120 minutes in the upper limb (Sawant and Giddins, 2015); this was far exceeded in this case. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of ischemia reperfusion injury as a result of dressings applied to an extremity masquerading as an infection.…”