What Is the Problem? Pesticides in Our Everyday Life

Zaller, Johann G.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50530-1_1

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 110 publications

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“…However, the continuous use of chemical pesticides not only poses health and environmental risks, but the sub-lethal exposure of these chemicals has also led to an increasing challenge of pesticide resistance in various insect pests and phytopathogens of economic importance [10][11][12]. The increasing awareness of such previously underestimated health and environmental risks caused by the continuous application of pesticides has stimulated a strong consumer-based demand for eco-friendly and safer alternatives to chemical pesticides [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Bacillus Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production

Ajuna,

Lim,

Moon

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Plant diseases and insect pest damage cause tremendous losses in forestry and fruit tree production. Even though chemical pesticides have been effective in the control of plant diseases and insect pests for several decades, they are increasingly becoming undesirable due to their toxic residues that affect human life, animals, and the environment, as well as the growing challenge of pesticide resistance. In this study, we review the potential of hydrolytic enzymes from Bacillus species such as chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases, proteases, lipases, amylases, and cellulases in the biological control of phytopathogens and insect pests, which could be a more sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides. This study highlights the application potential of the hydrolytic enzymes from different Bacillus sp. as effective biocontrol alternatives against phytopathogens/insect pests through the degradation of cell wall/insect cuticles, which are mainly composed of structural polysaccharides like chitins, β-glucans, glycoproteins, and lipids. This study demonstrates the prospects for applying hydrolytic enzymes from Bacillus sp. as effective biopesticides in forest and fruit tree production, their mode of biocidal activity and dual antimicrobial/insecticidal potential, which indicates a great prospect for the simultaneous biocontrol of pests/diseases. Further research should focus on optimizing the production of hydrolytic enzymes, and the antimicrobial/insecticidal synergism of different Bacillus sp. which could facilitate the simultaneous biocontrol of pests and diseases in forest and fruit tree production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Bacillus Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production

Ajuna,

Lim,

Moon

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…According to a report, world pesticide usage at the producer level was worth nearly $56 billion annually in 2018. 1 Corresponding to that increase in usage; there is mounting evidence of human illness and deaths with occupational exposure to these agrochemicals all over the world. [2][3][4] Owing to improper regulations, monitoring systems, weak enforcement, improper training, low education, and poorly managed or non-existent personal protective equipment, high numbers of pesticide poisoning cases are reported in developing countries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Fipronil Exposure on Hematological Aspects of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Risk and Toxicity Assessment in Agro-Workers

Khan,

Jiang,

Qureshi

2023

JIR

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Background Fipronil (FPN) is a broad-spectrum phenylpyrazole insecticide, widely used in agriculture and veterinary medicine. Published research on FPN toxicity has established the fact that its inhalation or dermal exposure may lead to very serious clinical outcomes in non-target animals. In line to its exposure and toxicity related damage, FPN has been investigated in many invertebrates, however, its exposure-related noxiousness is less reported in higher animals. Objective To assess the FPN-induced effects to agro-workers in the field, in the present study, we used physiological human surrogates, adult rhesus monkeys as models. Method We exposed well habituated, chair restraint adult rhesus monkeys with a field spray concentration of FPN (0.3 mg/1 mL distilled water) through an inhalation route in the closed system. Animals were divided into control and treatment groups, each containing three animals. Inflammatory and hematological effects were determined by evaluating the kidney and liver biomarker enzymes; serum creatinine and alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) levels respectively. Results Our findings reveal that FPN treated monkeys show significantly increased levels of ALT (p = 0.000461), AST (p = 0.0681) and creatinine (p = 0.00656) as compared to the control group. Furthermore, significant differences of red blood cells (RBCs) (p = 0.0139) and white blood cells (WBCs) (p = 0.00642) were also observed in the treated and control group monkeys which reflect strong toxic effects on the blood cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that FPN exposure is very toxic to higher animals and causes severe damage to the liver and kidneys along with other clinical problems. The study highlights the effect and impact of passive inhalation of insecticides in intentionally carefree agro-workers and raises the concern of public awareness toward pesticides use.

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“…Insect pollinators suffer from habitat fragmentation, reduction of flower resources, lack of nesting space, as well as from exposure to pesticides from agricultural activities 6–8 . Despite their long-known negative effects on human and environmental health 9,10 , pesticides are widely used both in industrial-scale farming and urban green areas and their application has even increased with agricultural intensification in recent decades 11 . Indeed, the spillover of chemical insecticide residues from farmland can negatively affect wild insect pollinators in adjacent natural and semi-natural areas 12,13 causing direct mortality, behavioural abnormalities, and reduced reproduction rates 14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant growers’ environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire-based case study in Hungary

Varga-Szilay

Pozsgai

2022

Preprint

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Pesticides are one of the most important anthropogenic-related stressors. In times of global pollinator decline, the role of integrated farming and that of urban gardens in supporting wild pollinators is becoming increasingly important. We circulated an online questionnaire to survey the plant protection practices among Hungarian farmers and garden owners with a particular emphasis on pollinator protection. We found that plant growers heavily rely on pesticide use, and pesticides are widely used in otherwise pollinator-friendly gardens. Whether pesticide use practices were driven by expert opinion and the respondents' sex were the best predictors of pesticide use. Although most respondents supported pollinators, pesticides are also widely used among home garden owners, which can pose a non-evident ecological trap for pollinator populations in the gardens. Special attention should be paid to implementing measures to reduce pesticide, use not only in farmlands but also in home gardens. Environmental education and financial support through agroecological schemes could efficiently promote the transition. However, whereas farmers can be encouraged to reduce pesticide use mostly by expert advice, garden owners are likely to rely on more conventional information channels. The attitude of Hungarian plant growers can provide an insight into pesticide use practices of Central and Eastern European countries, but similar surveys are needed across Europe for a complete understanding of broad-scale processes. This work lays the foundations for similar studies which can inform and facilitate the transformation processes to pesticide-free farming and gardening.

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What Is the Problem? Pesticides in Our Everyday Life

Cited by 4 publications

References 110 publications

The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Bacillus Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production

The Prospect of Hydrolytic Enzymes from Bacillus Species in the Biological Control of Pests and Diseases in Forest and Fruit Tree Production

Effect of Fipronil Exposure on Hematological Aspects of Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta): Risk and Toxicity Assessment in Agro-Workers

Plant growers’ environmental consciousness may not be enough to mitigate pollinator declines: a questionnaire-based case study in Hungary

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